Post by 溪山 on Oct 4, 2019 23:28:43 GMT -5
Ruskin at 200: The Art Critic as Word-Painter
John Ruskin (8 February 1819 – 20 January 1900) was the leading English art critic of the Victorian era, as well as an art patron, draughtsman, watercolourist, a prominent social thinker and philanthropist. He wrote on subjects as varied as geology, architecture, myth, ornithology, literature, education, botany and political economy.
His writing styles and literary forms were equally varied. He penned essays and treatises, poetry and lectures, travel guides and manuals, letters and even a fairy tale. He also made detailed sketches and paintings of rocks, plants, birds, landscapes, and architectural structures and ornamentation.
The elaborate style that characterised his earliest writing on art gave way in time to plainer language designed to communicate his ideas more effectively. In all of his writing, he emphasised the connections between nature, art and society.
He was hugely influential in the latter half of the 19th century and up to the First World War. After a period of relative decline, his reputation has steadily improved since the 1960s with the publication of numerous academic studies of his work. Today, his ideas and concerns are widely recognised as having anticipated interest in environmentalism, sustainability and craft.
Ruskin first came to widespread attention with the first volume of Modern Painters (1843), an extended essay in defence of the work of J. M. W. Turner in which he argued that the principal role of the artist is "truth to nature." From the 1850s, he championed the Pre-Raphaelites, who were influenced by his ideas. His work increasingly focused on social and political issues. Unto This Last (1860, 1862) marked the shift in emphasis. In 1869, Ruskin became the first Slade Professor of Fine Art at the University of Oxford, where he established the Ruskin School of Drawing. In 1871, he began his monthly "letters to the workmen and labourers of Great Britain", published under the title Fors Clavigera (1871–1884). In the course of this complex and deeply personal work, he developed the principles underlying his ideal society. As a result, he founded the Guild of St George, an organisation that endures today.
约翰·羅斯金（John Ruskin，1819年2月8日－1900年1月20日）是英国维多利亚时代主要的艺术评论家之一，也是英国艺术与工艺美术运动的發起人之一，他还是一名艺术赞助家、制图师、水彩画家、和杰出的社会思想家及慈善家。他写作的题材涵盖从地质到建筑、从神话到鸟类学、从文学到教育、从园艺学到政治经济学包罗万象。他的写作风格和体裁同样多变。拉斯金写过从随笔到专著、从诗歌到演讲、从旅行指南到说明书、书信甚至到童话。早期較為刻意精雕的寫作風格，後來由較為平順的風格取代，以便能夠更有效率地傳遞他的思想。在他所有的作品中，他无一不在强调自然、艺术和社会之间的联系。他本身亦为天才而多产的艺术家，以描述細節的水彩和素描研究岩石、植物、鳥類、風景、建築結構和裝飾。
羅斯金在19世纪上半葉直到第一次世界大戰都具有高度的影響力。之後經歷一段影響力下滑的時間後，到1960年代，在許多羅斯金學術作品的出版和研究後，他的影響力又重新建立。羅斯金的著作第一次受到重視是因為Modern Painters (1843)第一卷的出版，在此出版中羅斯金認為特纳的藝術宗旨為「自然的真實」。從1850年代起，他推崇受受他思想深厚影響的前拉斐爾學派藝術。從「致後來人」(Unto this Last, 1860, 1862) 開始，他將注意力放到政治和社會焦點。從186年開始，他在牛津大學成為了第一位Slade Professor of Fine Art也在牛津成立了羅斯金繪圖學校(Ruskin School of Drawing)。在1871 年，他開始了名為Fors Clavigera(1871-1884)的寫作。這部極度個人化和複雜的作品，他稱之為「寫給英國工人的信」，羅斯金建構了他理想社會的原理原則，最後，羅斯金建立了關心藝術、和鄉村經濟生活的聖喬治公會(the Guild of St. George)，該基金會今日仍運作中。
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John Ruskin (8 February 1819 – 20 January 1900) was the leading English art critic of the Victorian era, as well as an art patron, draughtsman, watercolourist, a prominent social thinker and philanthropist. He wrote on subjects as varied as geology, architecture, myth, ornithology, literature, education, botany and political economy.
His writing styles and literary forms were equally varied. He penned essays and treatises, poetry and lectures, travel guides and manuals, letters and even a fairy tale. He also made detailed sketches and paintings of rocks, plants, birds, landscapes, and architectural structures and ornamentation.
The elaborate style that characterised his earliest writing on art gave way in time to plainer language designed to communicate his ideas more effectively. In all of his writing, he emphasised the connections between nature, art and society.
He was hugely influential in the latter half of the 19th century and up to the First World War. After a period of relative decline, his reputation has steadily improved since the 1960s with the publication of numerous academic studies of his work. Today, his ideas and concerns are widely recognised as having anticipated interest in environmentalism, sustainability and craft.
Ruskin first came to widespread attention with the first volume of Modern Painters (1843), an extended essay in defence of the work of J. M. W. Turner in which he argued that the principal role of the artist is "truth to nature." From the 1850s, he championed the Pre-Raphaelites, who were influenced by his ideas. His work increasingly focused on social and political issues. Unto This Last (1860, 1862) marked the shift in emphasis. In 1869, Ruskin became the first Slade Professor of Fine Art at the University of Oxford, where he established the Ruskin School of Drawing. In 1871, he began his monthly "letters to the workmen and labourers of Great Britain", published under the title Fors Clavigera (1871–1884). In the course of this complex and deeply personal work, he developed the principles underlying his ideal society. As a result, he founded the Guild of St George, an organisation that endures today.
约翰·羅斯金（John Ruskin，1819年2月8日－1900年1月20日）是英国维多利亚时代主要的艺术评论家之一，也是英国艺术与工艺美术运动的發起人之一，他还是一名艺术赞助家、制图师、水彩画家、和杰出的社会思想家及慈善家。他写作的题材涵盖从地质到建筑、从神话到鸟类学、从文学到教育、从园艺学到政治经济学包罗万象。他的写作风格和体裁同样多变。拉斯金写过从随笔到专著、从诗歌到演讲、从旅行指南到说明书、书信甚至到童话。早期較為刻意精雕的寫作風格，後來由較為平順的風格取代，以便能夠更有效率地傳遞他的思想。在他所有的作品中，他无一不在强调自然、艺术和社会之间的联系。他本身亦为天才而多产的艺术家，以描述細節的水彩和素描研究岩石、植物、鳥類、風景、建築結構和裝飾。
羅斯金在19世纪上半葉直到第一次世界大戰都具有高度的影響力。之後經歷一段影響力下滑的時間後，到1960年代，在許多羅斯金學術作品的出版和研究後，他的影響力又重新建立。羅斯金的著作第一次受到重視是因為Modern Painters (1843)第一卷的出版，在此出版中羅斯金認為特纳的藝術宗旨為「自然的真實」。從1850年代起，他推崇受受他思想深厚影響的前拉斐爾學派藝術。從「致後來人」(Unto this Last, 1860, 1862) 開始，他將注意力放到政治和社會焦點。從186年開始，他在牛津大學成為了第一位Slade Professor of Fine Art也在牛津成立了羅斯金繪圖學校(Ruskin School of Drawing)。在1871 年，他開始了名為Fors Clavigera(1871-1884)的寫作。這部極度個人化和複雜的作品，他稱之為「寫給英國工人的信」，羅斯金建構了他理想社會的原理原則，最後，羅斯金建立了關心藝術、和鄉村經濟生活的聖喬治公會(the Guild of St. George)，該基金會今日仍運作中。
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