【希腊神话之二】Argonauts 阿耳戈船英雄

Jason and the Argonauts FULL MOVIE

"The golden fleece is a symbol of authority and kingship." ---- 金羊毛是权力与王位的象征。


金羊毛的来历   (zt 百度）

玻俄提亚（Βοιωτία）国王阿塔玛斯（Αθάμας）最初娶云之女神涅斐勒（Νεφέλη）为妻，生了一女儿赫勒（Έλλη）及一儿子佛里克索斯。 阿塔玛斯后来迷恋伊诺（Ινώ）并与她结婚，而伊诺因嫉妒她的继子女虐待他们，并说服阿塔玛斯需把佛里克索斯祭献给宙斯以解决当时的旱灾。

涅斐勒为保护子女免受迫害，召来了一公羊来助他们逃走。这公羊的名叫克律索马罗斯，身上生有双翼，其羊皮是纯金的，是亡灵的接引神赫耳墨斯（Ερμής）送给涅斐勒的礼物。 金公羊背着两个孩子向东飞，当飞到欧亚之间的海峡时，赫勒从羊背上跌落入海中淹死，而佛里克索斯则最后抵达科尔喀斯，得到那里的国王埃厄忒斯的接待，并把女儿契俄柏（Χαλκιόπη）嫁给他。 佛里克索斯将金公羊祭献给宙斯，然后把它的金羊毛送给了国王埃厄忒斯。国王把金羊毛挂在战神阿瑞斯（Άρης）圣林里的一伙橡树上，由火龙看守。


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Golden Fleece

In Greek mythology, the Golden Fleece (Greek: χρυσόμαλλον δέρας chrysómallon déras) is the fleece of the gold-hair winged ram, which was held in Colchis. The fleece is a symbol of authority and kingship. It figures in the tale of the hero Jason and his band of Argonauts, who set out on a quest for the fleece by order of King Pelias, in order to place Jason rightfully on the throne of Iolcus in Thessaly. Through the help of Medea, they acquire the Golden Fleece. The story is of great antiquity and was current in the time of Homer (eighth century BC). It survives in various forms, among which the details vary.

Athamas the Minyan, a founder of Halos in Thessaly[2] but also king of the city of Orchomenus in Boeotia (a region of southeastern Greece), took the goddess Nephele as his first wife. They had two children, the boy Phrixus (whose name means "curly"—as in ram's fleece) and the girl Helle. Later Athamas became enamored of and married Ino, the daughter of Cadmus. When Nephele left in anger, drought came upon the land.

Ino was jealous of her stepchildren and plotted their deaths: in some versions, she persuaded Athamas that sacrificing Phrixus was the only way to end the drought. Nephele, or her spirit, appeared to the children with a winged ram whose fleece was of gold. The ram had been sired by Poseidon in his primitive ram-form upon Theophane, a nymph and the granddaughter of Helios, the sun-god. According to Hyginus, Poseidon carried Theophane to an island where he made her into a ewe, so that he could have his way with her among the flocks. There Theophane's other suitors could not distinguish the ram-god and his consort.

Nepheles' children escaped on the winged ram over the sea, but Helle fell off and drowned in the strait now named after her, the Hellespont. The ram spoke to Phrixus, encouraging him, and took the boy safely to Colchis (modern-day Georgia), on the easternmost shore of the Euxine (Black) Sea.

There Phrixus sacrificed the winged ram to Poseidon, essentially returning him to the god. The ram became the constellation Aries.

Phrixus settled in the house of Aeetes, son of Helios the sun god. He hung the Golden Fleece preserved from the sacrifice of the ram on an oak in a grove sacred to Ares, the god of war and one of the Twelve Olympians. The golden fleece was defended by bulls with hoofs of brass and breath of fire. It was also guarded by a never sleeping dragon with teeth which could become human soldiers when planted in the ground. The dragon was at the foot of the tree on which the fleece was placed.

为了取得金羊毛，伊阿宋邀请了多位身怀绝技的豪杰同行。因为船名为阿耳戈号Argo，这些英雄统称为阿耳戈船英雄Argonauts。

百度：

阿耳戈号 Argo

阿耳戈号Argo（Αργώ）是以它的建造者阿耳戈斯所命名，是当时希腊最大的船。根据雅典娜的指示及帮助，此船用了浸在水中不烂的坚木所建。船上有五十把船浆。船首安装了一块由可说话的多多那（Δωδώνη）圣树所削下的木板，能预言未来。虽然船上装了很多美丽的花纹板，不过船身十分轻，大船建造好后，阿耳戈船英雄们能轻易把它扛在肩膀上抬走。 完成旅途以后，伊阿宋在科林斯地峡把阿耳戈号奉献给海神波塞冬（Ποσειδών），之后它被转化成天空上的南船座Argo Navis。


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Argonauts

The Argonauts (Ancient Greek: Ἀργοναῦται Argonautai) were a band of heroes in Greek mythology, who in the years before the Trojan War, around 1300 BCE, accompanied Jason to Colchis in his quest to find the Golden Fleece. Their name comes from their ship, Argo, named after its builder, Argus. "Argonauts" literally means "Argo sailors". They were sometimes called Minyans, after a prehistoric tribe in the area.

Hylas and the Nymphs (1896) by John William Waterhouse

Heracles 赫拉克勒斯，就是完成了十二伟业的大力士。

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与杜利奥纳人不幸的误会 A Tragic Misunderstanding

之后，阿耳戈船英雄来到弗里吉亚海岸旁的一个小岛（即现今的马摩拉海附近），岛上住着杜利奥纳人，国王库梓科斯友好地款待阿耳戈船英雄，因为曾有预言指示国王千万不可与阿耳戈船英雄战斗。他们在岛上逗留期间，住在相邻长有六臂的巨人来袭，当时看守着阿耳戈号的赫拉克勒斯与其他英雄把巨人们打得落花流水。

胜利后，阿耳戈号起航驶入大海。入夜后，风向逆转，把船吹回杜利奥纳人的小岛，杜利奥纳人以为有敌人到来，双方还未看对方是谁便厮杀起来。混战中，伊阿宋杀死国王基奇科斯，杜利奥纳人大败。到第二天黎明时，他们才发现是一场不幸的误会。阿耳戈船英雄与杜利奥纳人哀悼国王三天，王后也因为忧伤悲痛而了结自己的性命。

他们继续航行，来到密细亚人（Mysia）的地方。下船后，赫拉克勒斯的仆人许拉斯（Hylas）去取水时，河边的宁芙（女仙）被他英俊优美的外貌吸引著，于是把他拉入河中掳走了他。 附近的波吕斐摩斯（Polyphemus, not the cyclops with the same name）听到呼救声，告知赫拉克勒斯。正当二人寻找许拉斯时，阿耳戈号便起航，留下了他们。赫拉克勒斯之后返回船上，而波吕斐摩斯则留在密西埃建立了喀俄斯城，并成了那里的国王。也有其他说法指出，赫拉克勒斯最终没有返回阿耳戈号，而是步行往科尔喀斯，途中再遇到另一番不同的经历。

Cyzicus  库梓科斯

After Lemnos the Argonauts landed among the Doliones, whose king Cyzicus treated them graciously. He told them about the land beyond Bear Mountain, but forgot to mention what lived there. What lived in the land beyond Bear Mountain were the Gegeines which are a tribe of Earthborn giants with six arms and wore leather loincloths. While most of the crew went into the forest to search for supplies, the Gegeines saw that few Argonauts were guarding the ship and raided it. Heracles was among those guarding the ship at the time and managed to kill most them before Jason and the others returned. Once some of the other Gegeines were killed, Jason and the Argonauts set sail.

Sometime after their fight with the Gegeines, they sent some men to find food and water. Among these men was Heracles' servant Hylas who was gathering water while Heracles was out finding some wood to carve a new oar to replace the one that broke. The nymphs of the stream where Hylas was collecting were attracted to his good looks, and pulled him into the stream. Heracles returned to his Labors, but Hylas was lost forever. Others say that Heracles went to Colchis with the Argonauts, got the Golden Girdle of the Amazons and slew the Stymphalian Birds at that time.

The Argonauts departed, losing their bearings and landing again at the same spot that night. In the darkness, the Doliones took them for enemies and they started fighting each other. The Argonauts killed many of the Doliones, among them the king Cyzicus. Cyzicus' wife killed herself. The Argonauts realized their horrible mistake when dawn came and held a funeral for him.


One of the most famous depictions of Heracles 赫拉克勒斯, originally by Lysippos (Marble, Roman copy called Hercules Farnese, 216 CE)

Harpy

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哈耳庇厄  Harpy

通常认为，哈耳庇厄是海神陶玛斯和大洋神女厄勒克特拉所生（因此是彩虹女神伊里斯的姐妹）；也有说法认为它们是堤丰与厄客德娜所生。哈耳庇厄的数量不确定，在1至5个之间。荷马只提到过一个波达耳革（Ποδάργη，意为“捷足者”），它为阿喀琉斯生了两匹神马当坐骑。而赫西俄德在《神谱》中则说哈耳庇厄有两个：埃罗（又名尼科托厄）和俄库珀忒，没有波达耳革。另一些神话提到了第四个哈耳庇厄：刻莱诺（一说刻莱诺即波达耳革）。它们的名字各有含义，埃罗（Άελλα）意为“疾风”，俄库珀忒（Ωκυπέτη）意为“飞快的翅膀”，刻莱诺（Κελαινό）意为“黑暗”。这些名字表明哈耳庇厄的性质与风有关；它们的配偶（仄费洛斯）也是风神。此外，还有神话提到过第五个哈耳庇厄：阿厄洛珀（Αερόπη）。

赫西俄德所描写的哈耳庇厄并非十分丑恶的生物，《神谱》中称它们为“有可爱头发的”。后来（主要是在菲纽斯故事中）它们的形象则发展为丑陋的怪物：长着女人的头，却有着秃鹫的身体、翅膀和利爪，而且性格残忍、凶恶。

哈耳庇厄不仅丑陋而且污秽。关于它们的神话中最著名的就是菲纽斯神话。色雷斯国王菲纽斯拥有预言的能力，结果因泄露天机太多而激怒了宙斯。众神诅咒他，使他在一座荒岛上遭受永久的饥饿，眼前有丰富的食物却吃不到。每当菲纽斯想吃东西时，哈耳庇厄就飞过来抢夺他的食物，再往剩下的食物上排放粪便，最后逃之夭夭。哈耳庇厄速度奇快，来得突然，一眨眼又飞得无影无踪。后来伊阿宋率领阿耳戈船英雄寻找金羊毛时路过此岛，其中的玻瑞阿代兄弟帮助菲纽斯把哈耳庇厄赶走，才解救了这个不幸的人。玻瑞阿代兄弟（厄忒斯和卡拉伊斯）是北风神玻瑞阿斯的一对孪生子，也是菲纽斯的妻兄，他们长有翅膀可以飞翔。关于玻瑞阿代兄弟如何驱赶哈耳庇厄，有几种不同说法。一种说法说神谕显示哈耳庇厄只有被玻瑞阿代兄弟抓住才会死，而如果玻瑞阿代兄弟抓不住哈耳庇厄，他们自己就会死。厄忒斯和卡拉伊斯遂穷追哈耳庇厄，但未能抓住，结果在返回途中死去。更常见的说法是，哈耳庇厄在两兄弟追赶下仓皇逃窜，其中一只落入河中，该河遂得名哈耳庇斯河；另一只则逃到了厄喀那得斯岛（后改名为斯特洛法得斯岛，即今希腊斯特罗法泽斯群岛）。这时彩虹女神伊里斯突然出现在玻瑞阿代兄弟面前，宣布说宙斯不允许杀死哈耳庇厄；而哈耳庇厄为了保命，也许诺不再骚扰菲纽斯，并避居到克里特岛的洞穴里去。为了向英雄们表示感谢，菲纽斯告诉了他们安全通过蓬托斯海入口处的撞岩的方法。

哈耳庇厄也出现在潘达瑞俄斯的神话中。潘达瑞俄斯竟敢偷走瑞亚（宙斯之母）派去看护年幼宙斯的金狗，因而遭到众神的严惩。哈耳庇厄受宙斯之命拐走了潘达瑞俄斯的女儿们。另一说，在潘达瑞俄斯被宙斯殛死后，阿佛罗狄忒打算为他的女儿安排婚事，但哈耳庇厄却把她们劫到厄里倪厄斯诸女神那里当奴仆。后来便有神话把哈耳庇厄描写为神圣的复仇者；它们拐走儿童，把有罪之人的灵魂带往塔耳塔洛斯，并在路上折磨他们。

在罗马神话中，埃涅阿斯在特洛伊陷落后带领族人逃往意大利时，曾路过哈耳庇厄居住的斯特洛法得斯岛，同样遭到了它们的骚扰。哈耳庇厄不断抢走特洛伊人的食物，其中的刻莱诺更是诅咒说特洛伊人最后会饿得吃掉他们的桌子。特洛伊人恐惧地逃离了斯特洛法得斯岛。但丁在《神曲》地狱篇第十三章中提到了哈耳庇厄恐吓特洛伊人的故事：

“那些丑恶的哈尔比正是在这里筑巢做窝，
她们曾把特洛伊人赶出斯特洛法德斯岛，
因为她们对他们的未来做出不祥的预告。
她们有宽大的翅膀，有人形的脖颈和面庞，
她们双脚带钩，硕大的肚皮长满羽毛；
她们栖息在怪异的树木上发出凄厉的吼叫。”

在但丁笔下，哈耳庇厄的职责是惩罚自杀者的灵魂。

在中世纪的欧洲，哈耳庇厄是骑士纹章上常见的图案，尤其流行于东弗里西亚地区。

In Greek mythology and Roman mythology, a harpy (plural harpies, Greek: ἅρπυια, harpyia, pronounced [hárpyi̯a]; Latin: harpȳia) was a female monster in the form of a bird with a human face. They steal food from their victims while they are eating and carry evildoers (especially those who have killed their family) to the Erinyes. They seem originally to have been wind spirits. Their name means "snatchers".

Homer wrote that a harpy was the mother of the two horses of Achilles sired by the West Wind Zephyrus.

Hesiod calls them two "lovely-haired" creatures, the daughters of Thaumas and Electra (not to be confused with Electra, daughter of King Agamemnon), who were sisters of Iris. Pottery art depicting the harpies featured beautiful women with wings. Roman and Byzantine writers detailed their ugliness.

King Phineus of Thrace was given the gift of prophecy by Zeus. Angry that Phineus gave away the god's secret plan, Zeus punished him by blinding him and putting him on an island with a buffet of food which he could never eat because the harpies always arrived to steal the food out of his hands before he could satisfy his hunger, and befouled the remains of his food. This continued until the arrival of Jason and the Argonauts. The Boreads, sons of Boreas, the North Wind, who also could fly, succeeded in driving off the harpies, but without killing any of them, following a request from Iris, who promised that Phineus would not be bothered by the harpies again. "The dogs of great Zeus" returned to their "cave in Minoan Crete". Thankful for their help, Phineus told the Argonauts how to pass the Symplegades.

In this form they were agents of punishment who abducted people and tortured them on their way to Tartarus. They were vicious, cruel and violent. They lived on the islands of the Strophades. They were usually seen as the personifications of the destructive nature of wind. The harpies in this tradition, now thought of as three sisters instead of the original two, Hesiod's two Harpies are named Aello ("storm swift") and Ocypete ("the swift wing"), Virgil's added Celaeno ("the dark") as a third. Homer knew of a Harpy named Podarge ("fleet-foot").

Aeneas encountered harpies on the Strophades as they repeatedly made off with the feast the Trojans were setting. Celaeno utters a prophecy: the Trojans will be so hungry they will eat their tables before they reach the end of their journey. The Trojans fled in fear.

Harpies remained vivid in the Middle Ages. In his Inferno, XIII, Dante envisages the tortured wood infested with harpies, where the suicides have their punishment in the seventh ring of Hell:

Here the repellent harpies make their nests,
Who drove the Trojans from the Strophades
With dire announcements of the coming woe.
They have broad wings, with razor sharp talons and a human neck and face,
Clawed feet and swollen, feathered bellies; they caw
Their lamentations in the eerie trees.

William Blake was inspired by Dante's description in his pencil, ink and watercolour "The Wood of the Self-Murderers: The Harpies and the Suicides" (Tate Gallery, London).


Harpies in the infernal wood, from Inferno XIII, by Gustave Doré, 1861

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Lord Byron refers to the Symplegades in the concluding stanzas of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage:

And from the Alban Mount we now behold
Our friend of youth, that ocean, which when we
Beheld it last by Calp's rock unfold
Those waves, we follow on till the dark Euxine roll'd
Upon the blue Symplegades …

The New Critic I.A. Richards refers to 'Symplegades' in his epoch making work Practical Criticism. In Chapter 2, 'Figurative Language' he refers to as dangers of misinterpretations in reading poems. " These twin dangers - careless, 'intuitive' reading and prosaic, 'over-literal' reading - are the Symplegades, the 'justling rocks', between which too many ventures into poetry are wrecked."

In his 1961 novel Jason, Henry Treece depicts the Symplegades as icebergs that drifted downriver into the Black Sea.

《伊阿宋与美狄亚》于1875年由古斯塔夫·莫里欧所绘的油画。法力无边的美狄亚爱上了伊阿宋，并协助伊阿宋降伏了守护金羊毛的巨龙。画中描述美狄亚正为伊阿宋涂抹魔法油膏，为他念咒，保护他免受火焰、恶魔、刀剑的伤害。


如果没有美狄亚（她精通魔法）的相助，伊阿宋根本无法取到金羊毛。
取到金羊毛后，这只是悲剧故事的beginning.

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播种龙牙 Sowing a Dragon's Teeth, 智取金羊毛  Seizing the Golden Fleece

第二天，伊阿宋在盾、矛和身上涂上了魔油，其效力使他一天内刀枪不入，不怕火烧。他轻易地制服两只喷火公牛，把铁犁耙套在它们上，驱赶它们犁田。之后，伊阿宋把国王给他的龙牙，播种在田里，并长出一群巨人战士。伊阿宋依照美狄亚的指示把石头丢进战士中间，使他们自相残杀，伊阿宋于是轻易地把他们全部打倒。

虽然伊阿宋通过考验，但国王没打算把金羊毛给他，反而想着如何才能消灭伊阿宋及阿耳戈船英雄。美狄亚洞悉父王的想法，连夜动身，引领伊阿宋到挂著金羊毛的树林，她以魔幻的歌声及魔液使守卫的巨龙睡觉，伊阿宋连忙取下金羊毛，带着美狄亚返回阿耳戈号，然后快速起航离开科尔喀斯。

First, Jason had to plow a field with fire-breathing oxen, the Khalkotauroi, that he had to yoke himself. Medea provided an ointment that protected him from the oxen's flames. Then, Jason sowed the teeth of a dragon into a field. The teeth sprouted into an army of warriors (spartoi). Medea had previously warned Jason of this and told him how to defeat this foe. Before they attacked him, he threw a rock into the crowd. Unable to discover where the rock had come from, the soldiers attacked and defeated one another.

His last task was to overcome the sleepless dragon which guarded the Golden Fleece. Jason sprayed the dragon with a potion, given by Medea, distilled from herbs. The dragon fell asleep, and Jason was able to seize the Golden Fleece.

The Siren, by John William Waterhouse (c. 1900), depicted as a fish-chimera


多亏俄耳甫斯的美妙琴声使阿尔戈英雄幸免于难。

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塞壬 Sirens

之后，他们看见了一个美丽的海岛，岛上原来住着塞壬，其外貌一半像鸟儿，一半像女人。她们常以甜美的歌声迷惑经过的船只，然后摧毁他们。

阿耳戈船英雄经过时，她们唱出像百合的歌声。英雄们都被吸引，准备靠岸时，唯独俄耳甫斯（Orpheus）保持清醒，他以手中的里拉琴，弹奏起有如波纹起伏的曲调，以压制塞壬的歌声。 即使如此，其中一位英雄波忒斯，抵受不了诱惑，跳入海中， 幸好被女神阿佛洛狄忒所救，在利利巴厄姆（Lilybaeum）定居下来，其他阿耳戈船英雄则以为他已葬身大海，于是继续航行。


Chiron had told Jason that without the aid of Orpheus, the Argonauts would never be able to pass the Sirens—the same Sirens encountered by Odysseus in Homer's epic poem the Odyssey. The Sirens lived on three small, rocky islands called Sirenum scopuli and sang beautiful songs that enticed sailors to come to them, which resulted in the crashing of their ship into the islands. When Orpheus heard their voices, he drew his lyre and played music that was more beautiful and louder, drowning out the Sirens' bewitching songs.



Odysseus and the Sirens, eponymous vase of the Siren Painter, c. 480–470 BC, (British Museum)

Jason and Medea by John William Waterhouse (1907)

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塔罗斯 Talos


阿耳戈号之后来到淮阿喀亚人的海岛，受到那里的国王是阿尔喀诺俄斯的款待。不过，从另一路追捕美狄亚的科尔喀斯战士跟踪到来，双方准备展开恶斗时，阿尔喀诺俄斯国王介入调停，并说会为双方作出仲裁。在休战期间国王向王后表示如果美狄亚还是未婚的姑娘，那么就应该把她交还其父亲处置；但如果她已经成为伊阿宋的妻子，那么就不应该把他们拆散。王后把国王的想法传递给伊阿宋，于是当晚伊阿宋与美狄亚在山洞成婚。因此，第二天阿尔喀诺俄斯于是宣判美狄亚不能交给科尔喀斯一方，并且会给阿耳戈船英雄提供保护。

阿耳戈号然后来了到克里特岛，岛屿由塔罗斯守卫，他全身都是青铜，根本刀枪不入，不过有一条血管从他的脖子连接到的脚根，用一根铜钉封著。塔罗斯每天环绕小岛巡逻三次，当阿耳戈号接近时，他向船猛力投掷巨石。美狄亚用药物使他发疯，另一说法，她答应巨人可使他长生不死。美狄亚然后拔出了钉子，所有岩精（血液）从伤口涌出，巨人倒下丧生。


The Argo then came to the island of Crete, guarded by the bronze man, Talos. As the ship approached, Talos hurled huge stones at the ship, keeping it at bay. Talos had one blood vessel which went from his neck to his ankle, bound shut by only one bronze nail (as in metal casting by the lost wax method). Medea cast a spell on Talos to calm him; she removed the bronze nail and Talos bled to death. The Argo was then able to sail on.

Medea by Anthony Frederick Augustus Sandys (painted 1866-68); its rejection for exhibition at the Royal Academy in 1868 caused a storm of protest


虽然伊阿宋取到了金羊毛，但国王珀利阿斯并没有信守将王位交给伊阿宋的诺言。

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返回家乡爱俄尔卡斯   Jason returns

经历多番的险阻，阿耳戈船英雄终于回到爱俄尔卡斯，伊阿宋把金羊毛交给国王珀利阿斯，他真的不能相信伊阿宋居然能够回来。不幸，伊阿宋的父亲埃宋在之前已遭珀利阿斯迫害，喝下有毒的牛血自尽。伊阿宋的母亲也上吊了结生命，而遗下的男婴最终也被珀利阿斯杀害。(关于伊阿宋父亲的生死，有不同版本） 

伊阿宋在美狄亚的帮忙下，要珀利阿斯血债血偿。美狄亚去到宫殿，在珀利阿斯的女儿们面前，把一只老公羊切成小块，放在锅中煮沸，跟着加入魔药把它变成幼羔羊。美狄亚向她们承诺也能依样葫芦把她们的父亲回复青春。她们信以为真，于是把珀利阿斯剁成肉碎和煮沸，美狄亚当然之后没有加入有效的魔药，而珀利阿斯也没有复生。

虽然伊阿宋铲除了珀利阿斯，但他始终未有取回王位，因为珀利阿斯的儿子阿卡斯托斯（Acastus）把伊阿宋和美狄亚逐出爱俄尔卡斯，他们只有逃到科林斯，在那里住了十年。

It should be noted that Thomas Bulfinch has an antecedent to the interaction of Medea and the daughters of Pelias. Jason, celebrating his return with the Golden Fleece, noted that his father was too aged and infirm to participate in the celebrations. He had seen and been served by Medea's magical powers. He asked Medea to take some years from his life and add them to the life of his father. She did so, but at no such cost to Jason's life. Medea withdrew the blood from Aesons body and infused it with certain herbs; putting it back into his veins, returning vigor to him. Pelias' daughters saw this and wanted the same service for their father.

Medea, using her sorcery, claimed to Pelias' daughters that she could make their father smooth and vigorous as a child by chopping him up into pieces and boiling the pieces in a cauldron of water and magical herbs. She demonstrated this remarkable feat with the oldest ram in the flock, which leapt out of the cauldron as a lamb. The girls, rather naively, sliced and diced their father and put him in the cauldron. Medea did not add the magical herbs, and Pelias was dead. Pelias' son, Acastus, drove Jason and Medea into exile for the murder, and the couple settled in Corinth.

Medea - Maria Callas - Pier Paolo Pasolini

----只有两位希腊神话中的英雄安全经过了塞壬的领域，其一是阿尔戈英雄中的俄耳甫斯，他弹奏竖琴令塞壬亦为之倾倒；另一位是特洛伊战争英雄奥德修斯，他让手下的海员以白腊封住双耳，为了聆听塞壬的歌声而将自己绑缚在桅杆上，因此塞壬女妖用自己的歌声引诱奥德修斯与他的伙伴们失败后，帕耳忒诺珀与其他姐妹一同投海自尽，化为悬崖岩壁。也有别的说法是帕耳忒诺珀投海自尽后，她的尸体漂浮到了那不勒斯湾，在那里人们专门为她修了一座纪念碑。

发现器乐还是比声乐厉害。塞壬的声音是客体小a，而俄耳甫斯弹奏的竖琴则来自大他者。

威尼斯商人 Merchant of Venice
ACT I SCENE I:
（译文摘自http://www.kanunu8.com/book4/10369/229813.html）

巴萨尼奥

在贝尔蒙特有一位富家的嗣女，长得非常美貌，尤其值得称道的，她有非常卓越的德性；从她的眼睛里，我有时接到她的脉脉含情的流盼。她的名字叫做鲍西娅，比起古代凯图的女儿，勃鲁托斯的贤妻鲍西娅来，毫无逊色。这广大的世界也没有漠视她的好处，四方的风从每一处海岸上带来了声名藉藉的求婚者；她的光亮的长发就像是传说中的金羊毛，把她所住的贝尔蒙特变做了神话中的王国，引诱着无数的伊阿宋①前来向她追求。啊，我的安东尼奥！只要我有相当的财力，可以和他们中间无论哪一个人匹敌，那么我觉得我有充分的把握，一定会达到愿望的。

BASSANIO
In Belmont is a lady richly left;
And she is fair, and, fairer than that word,
Of wondrous virtues: sometimes from her eyes
I did receive fair speechless messages:
Her name is Portia, nothing undervalued
To Cato's daughter, Brutus' Portia:
Nor is the wide world ignorant of her worth,
For the four winds blow in from every coast
Renowned suitors, and her sunny locks
Hang on her temples like a golden fleece;
Which makes her seat of Belmont Colchos' strand,
And many Jasons come in quest of her.
O my Antonio, had I but the means
To hold a rival place with one of them,
I have a mind presages me such thrift,
That I should questionless be fortunate!