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Post by 溪山 on Jun 7, 2020 0:55:35 GMT -5
Why Some People Think They're SuperiorThere’s another trap involved with optimism, and it occurs when you fall prey to the hubris hypothesis. As noted by the Belgian team, the hubris hypothesis involves comparing yourself favorably and explicitly with other people. This leads others to believe that you hold disparaging attitudes toward them, because you’re letting them know that you think of yourself as superior. Ironically, most people do prefer to see themselves as “better” than the average person which, of course, is an impossibility. What happens with the hubris hypothesis is that we don’t like it when someone else openly expresses that viewpoint. It’s fine to think you’re luckier, happier, or more likable than everyone else, but if you happen to voice this assessment, you’ll end up facing the exact opposite outcome. One reason we don’t like hearing others brag in relative terms about their qualities is that, as the Belgian team notes, we’re always processing information about other people through the somewhat egocentric eyes of our own self-images.
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Post by 溪山 on Jun 7, 2020 1:00:48 GMT -5
the hubris hypothesis 自负假说继Mueller之后,罗尔(Roll)于1986年提出了“自负假说”(Hubris Hypothesis)(“Hubris”一词原自希腊文,意思是“生气”,含有过分浮夸、过度自傲的意思)。 该理论认为,企业管理阶层往往高估了自身的管理能力,在规划改造目标企业时过分乐观,以致在资本市场上大规模高价收购其它企业,最后无法成功完成对目标企业的整合,从而导致并购失败,并把财富转移给了目标企业的股东。Roll的假说在后来的实证研究中被多次验证,即当并购消息传出后,并购方股价不涨反跌。 自负假说是以市场是强式效率市场为前提的,但是在现实的经济体系中,强式效率市场是难以存在的,因此自负假说只能在一定程度上部分地解释活动的产生。
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Post by 溪山 on Jun 7, 2020 1:08:26 GMT -5
Illusory superiorityIn the field of social psychology, illusory superiority is a condition of cognitive bias wherein a person overestimates their own qualities and abilities, in relation to the same qualities and abilities of other people. Illusory superiority is one of many positive illusions, relating to the self, that are evident in the study of intelligence, the effective performance of tasks and tests, and the possession of desirable personal characteristics and personality traits. 虚幻的优越性指现在普遍存在的对自己的高估的一种心理。 大多数人太关注自己的形象,觉得显露无知是很丢人的事情,所以他们宁愿假装懂得,也不愿开口询问。他们一心想让别人看到,自己干得多么漂亮,但是又不肯接受丑陋的结果。 92%的访问者,都认为自己比一般人更公正。 一个更典型表现就是,许多人都急于让别人知道自己的看法,哪怕对方根本没有询问你。
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