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Post by 花雨 on Apr 7, 2016 23:07:34 GMT -5
想把爱妻欧利蒂丝从冥界带回人间的俄耳甫斯即是众多阿耳戈船英雄之一。 wiki: 阿耳戈船英雄(希腊语:Αργοναύται)是一伙希腊神话曾提及、在特洛伊战争之前出现的英雄。他们伴随伊阿宋乘阿耳戈号到科尔基斯(今天的格鲁吉亚)去寻找金羊毛。而阿耳戈船英雄字面意思即阿耳戈号的船员。有时他们也被称为米尼安人(希腊语:Μινύες),即该地区的史前部落。 阿耳戈船英雄之召集,卢浮宫 (G341)
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Post by 花雨 on Apr 7, 2016 23:13:36 GMT -5
Jason and the Argonauts FULL MOVIE
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Post by 花雨 on Apr 7, 2016 23:22:47 GMT -5
zt from 百度 baike.baidu.com/view/972597.htm:
伊阿宋和珀利阿斯 Jason and Pelias爱俄尔卡斯Iolcos(Ιωλκός)王国位于色萨利Thessaly(Θεσσαλία)即现今的沃洛斯Volos(Βόλος)是由克瑞透斯Cretheus(Κρηθέας)国王所建立。克瑞透斯死后,王位原本是传给儿子埃宋Aeson(Αίσονας),但被埃宋同母异父的兄弟──珀利阿斯Pelias(Πελίας)所篡夺。为了斩草除根,珀利阿斯处死所有他可找到的埃宋后裔,却因埃宋母亲堤洛Tyro(Τυρώ)苦苦哀求下,没有杀害埃宋,只是把他囚禁起来,并迫他放弃他的继承权。 伊阿宋 Jason
之后,埃宋与阿凯美迪Alcimede 结戏,生了一个男婴,名为伊阿宋Jason (Ιάσονας)。为免婴儿被珀利阿斯杀害,阿凯美迪著一群妇女聚在男婴周围大哭,装作他生下来已死了。她还伪装埋葬了婴儿,然后静静把他送到珀利翁山(Πήλιο),托孤给半人马 centaur Chiron(Χείρων)扶养长大。珀利阿斯始终害怕有一天会被推翻,而神使则要他提防一个只穿一只带子鞋的人。 当伊阿宋20岁时,他动身回去爱俄尔卡斯,准备讨回属于他的王位。根据神使的指示,伊阿宋装扮成马格尼西亚人,披着豹子皮毛,并且带了二支矛上路。在途中伊阿宋经过阿纳乌洛斯河,他遇到一老妇乞求帮她渡河。原来,那老妇就是众神之母赫拉(Ήρα)所乔装,她也想惩罚珀利阿斯因他之前在她的神殿谋杀他自己的继祖母。伊阿宋背着赫拉穿过泥泞的河时,丢失了他的带子鞋,渡河后赫拉答应庇佑及帮助他夺回王位。 伊阿宋到达爱俄尔卡斯后,珀利阿斯从人群中看到只穿一只鞋的伊阿宋,便想起之前的神谕,内心焦虑和恐惧起来,盘算著如何除掉伊阿宋。 其后,伊阿宋当面向珀利阿斯讨回国王的权杖及王位,珀利阿斯诈称祖先佛里克索斯(Φρίξος)的灵魂在托梦要求,从科尔喀斯(Κολχίς)的国王埃厄忒斯(Αιήτης)那里取回他的遗骸及金羊毛(Χρυσόμαλλον Δέρας)。珀利阿斯当着宙斯(Ζεύς)前发誓,若伊阿宋能完成任务归来,他便会交还王位,却深信此行凶险非常,伊阿宋定必丧命。伊阿宋不知道珀利阿斯的真正意图,爽快的答应。
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Post by 花雨 on Apr 9, 2016 0:28:40 GMT -5
"The golden fleece is a symbol of authority and kingship." ---- 金羊毛是权力与王位的象征。
金羊毛的来历 (zt 百度)
玻俄提亚(Βοιωτία)国王阿塔玛斯(Αθάμας)最初娶云之女神涅斐勒(Νεφέλη)为妻,生了一女儿赫勒(Έλλη)及一儿子佛里克索斯。 阿塔玛斯后来迷恋伊诺(Ινώ)并与她结婚,而伊诺因嫉妒她的继子女虐待他们,并说服阿塔玛斯需把佛里克索斯祭献给宙斯以解决当时的旱灾。
涅斐勒为保护子女免受迫害,召来了一公羊来助他们逃走。这公羊的名叫克律索马罗斯,身上生有双翼,其羊皮是纯金的,是亡灵的接引神赫耳墨斯(Ερμής)送给涅斐勒的礼物。 金公羊背着两个孩子向东飞,当飞到欧亚之间的海峡时,赫勒从羊背上跌落入海中淹死,而佛里克索斯则最后抵达科尔喀斯,得到那里的国王埃厄忒斯的接待,并把女儿契俄柏(Χαλκιόπη)嫁给他。 佛里克索斯将金公羊祭献给宙斯,然后把它的金羊毛送给了国王埃厄忒斯。国王把金羊毛挂在战神阿瑞斯(Άρης)圣林里的一伙橡树上,由火龙看守。
wiki:
Golden Fleece
In Greek mythology, the Golden Fleece (Greek: χρυσόμαλλον δέρας chrysómallon déras) is the fleece of the gold-hair winged ram, which was held in Colchis. The fleece is a symbol of authority and kingship. It figures in the tale of the hero Jason and his band of Argonauts, who set out on a quest for the fleece by order of King Pelias, in order to place Jason rightfully on the throne of Iolcus in Thessaly. Through the help of Medea, they acquire the Golden Fleece. The story is of great antiquity and was current in the time of Homer (eighth century BC). It survives in various forms, among which the details vary.
Athamas the Minyan, a founder of Halos in Thessaly[2] but also king of the city of Orchomenus in Boeotia (a region of southeastern Greece), took the goddess Nephele as his first wife. They had two children, the boy Phrixus (whose name means "curly"—as in ram's fleece) and the girl Helle. Later Athamas became enamored of and married Ino, the daughter of Cadmus. When Nephele left in anger, drought came upon the land.
Ino was jealous of her stepchildren and plotted their deaths: in some versions, she persuaded Athamas that sacrificing Phrixus was the only way to end the drought. Nephele, or her spirit, appeared to the children with a winged ram whose fleece was of gold. The ram had been sired by Poseidon in his primitive ram-form upon Theophane, a nymph and the granddaughter of Helios, the sun-god. According to Hyginus, Poseidon carried Theophane to an island where he made her into a ewe, so that he could have his way with her among the flocks. There Theophane's other suitors could not distinguish the ram-god and his consort.
Nepheles' children escaped on the winged ram over the sea, but Helle fell off and drowned in the strait now named after her, the Hellespont. The ram spoke to Phrixus, encouraging him, and took the boy safely to Colchis (modern-day Georgia), on the easternmost shore of the Euxine (Black) Sea.
There Phrixus sacrificed the winged ram to Poseidon, essentially returning him to the god. The ram became the constellation Aries.
Phrixus settled in the house of Aeetes, son of Helios the sun god. He hung the Golden Fleece preserved from the sacrifice of the ram on an oak in a grove sacred to Ares, the god of war and one of the Twelve Olympians. The golden fleece was defended by bulls with hoofs of brass and breath of fire. It was also guarded by a never sleeping dragon with teeth which could become human soldiers when planted in the ground. The dragon was at the foot of the tree on which the fleece was placed.
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Post by 花雨 on Apr 9, 2016 0:32:24 GMT -5
被牺牲的金羊后来被宙斯提升到天上,成为白羊星座 Aries。 wiki: Aries is one of the constellations of the zodiac. It is located in the northern celestial hemisphere between Pisces to the west and Taurus to the east. The name Aries is Latin for ram, and its symbol is Aries.svg (Unicode ♈), representing a ram's horns. Aries and Musca Borealis as depicted in Urania's Mirror, a set of constellation cards published in London c.1825
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Post by 花雨 on Apr 9, 2016 0:47:44 GMT -5
为了取得金羊毛,伊阿宋邀请了多位身怀绝技的豪杰同行。因为船名为阿耳戈号Argo,这些英雄统称为阿耳戈船英雄Argonauts。
百度:
阿耳戈号 Argo
阿耳戈号Argo(Αργώ)是以它的建造者阿耳戈斯所命名,是当时希腊最大的船。根据雅典娜的指示及帮助,此船用了浸在水中不烂的坚木所建。船上有五十把船浆。船首安装了一块由可说话的多多那(Δωδώνη)圣树所削下的木板,能预言未来。虽然船上装了很多美丽的花纹板,不过船身十分轻,大船建造好后,阿耳戈船英雄们能轻易把它扛在肩膀上抬走。 完成旅途以后,伊阿宋在科林斯地峡把阿耳戈号奉献给海神波塞冬(Ποσειδών),之后它被转化成天空上的南船座Argo Navis。
wiki:
Argonauts
The Argonauts (Ancient Greek: Ἀργοναῦται Argonautai) were a band of heroes in Greek mythology, who in the years before the Trojan War, around 1300 BCE, accompanied Jason to Colchis in his quest to find the Golden Fleece. Their name comes from their ship, Argo, named after its builder, Argus. "Argonauts" literally means "Argo sailors". They were sometimes called Minyans, after a prehistoric tribe in the area.
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Post by 花雨 on Apr 14, 2016 21:50:22 GMT -5
许珀茜伯勒 Hypsipyle, 15th century miniature zt: 寻找金羊毛的征途 The Quest for the Golden Fleece
利姆诺斯岛 The Isle of Lemnos
阿耳戈船英雄首先到了利姆诺斯岛,它是位于小亚细亚的西岸附近(现今的土耳其)。由于此处的妇女不敬拜爱与美之女神阿佛罗狄忒,女神惩罚她们,使她们恶臭难耐。他们的丈夫都远离她们,到对岸大陆的色雷斯(Thracian)找女人。被摒弃的妇女,恼怒之下,把全岛的男人都杀害。只有国王托阿斯被他女儿 许珀茜伯勒所救,得以幸存,而许珀茜伯勒则作为她们的女王。 当阿耳戈号来到,妇女本想把阿耳戈船英雄们隔离在城墻外,以免蠢事外传。不过经过一番讨论后,她们都赞成迎接英雄们入城。英雄们在城中受到热情的款待,与妇女们乐作一团。而他们所生下的下一代也被称为米尼安人。伊阿宋也与许珀茜伯勒生下一对孪生儿子。英雄们胡混期间,赫剌克勒斯一直留在船上,经过多天的耽误,他终于按捺不住,迫使同伴离开利姆诺斯岛,重新踏上征途。 The isle of Lemnos is situated off the Western coast of Asia Minor (modern day Turkey). The island was inhabited by a race of women who had killed their husbands. The women had neglected their worship of Aphrodite, and as a punishment the goddess made the women so foul in stench that their husbands could not bear to be near them. The men then took concubines from the Thracian mainland opposite, and the spurned women, angry at Aphrodite, killed all the male inhabitants while they slept. The king, Thoas, was saved by Hypsipyle, his daughter, who put him out to sea sealed in a chest from which he was later rescued. The women of Lemnos lived for a while without men, with Hypsipyle as their queen. During the visit of the Argonauts the women mingled with the men creating a new "race" called Minyae. Jason fathered twins with the queen. Heracles pressured them to leave as he was disgusted by the antics of the Argonauts. He had not taken part, which is truly unusual considering the numerous affairs he had with other women. 文学作品 In literatureIn his work, Inferno, the 14th-century Italian poet Dante Alighieri placed Jason in the eighth circle of Hell, along with seducers and panderers, for his deception and abandonment of Hypsipyle. (意大利诗人但丁在他的《地狱》中,把伊阿宋抛到地狱第八环,以惩罚他对许珀茜伯勒的欺骗和抛弃。)
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Post by 花雨 on Apr 14, 2016 22:09:29 GMT -5
Hylas and the Nymphs (1896) by John William Waterhouse Heracles 赫拉克勒斯,就是完成了十二伟业的大力士。 zt: 与杜利奥纳人不幸的误会 A Tragic Misunderstanding之后,阿耳戈船英雄来到弗里吉亚海岸旁的一个小岛(即现今的马摩拉海附近),岛上住着杜利奥纳人,国王 库梓科斯友好地款待阿耳戈船英雄,因为曾有预言指示国王千万不可与阿耳戈船英雄战斗。他们在岛上逗留期间,住在相邻长有六臂的巨人来袭,当时看守着阿耳戈号的赫拉克勒斯与其他英雄把巨人们打得落花流水。 胜利后,阿耳戈号起航驶入大海。入夜后,风向逆转,把船吹回杜利奥纳人的小岛,杜利奥纳人以为有敌人到来,双方还未看对方是谁便厮杀起来。混战中,伊阿宋杀死国王基奇科斯,杜利奥纳人大败。到第二天黎明时,他们才发现是一场不幸的误会。阿耳戈船英雄与杜利奥纳人哀悼国王三天,王后也因为忧伤悲痛而了结自己的性命。 他们继续航行,来到密细亚人(Mysia)的地方。下船后,赫拉克勒斯的仆人 许拉斯(Hylas)去取水时,河边的 宁芙(女仙)被他英俊优美的外貌吸引著,于是把他拉入河中掳走了他。 附近的波吕斐摩斯(Polyphemus, not the cyclops with the same name)听到呼救声,告知 赫拉克勒斯。正当二人寻找许拉斯时,阿耳戈号便起航,留下了他们。赫拉克勒斯之后返回船上,而波吕斐摩斯则留在密西埃建立了喀俄斯城,并成了那里的国王。也有其他说法指出,赫拉克勒斯最终没有返回阿耳戈号,而是步行往科尔喀斯,途中再遇到另一番不同的经历。 Cyzicus 库梓科斯After Lemnos the Argonauts landed among the Doliones, whose king Cyzicus treated them graciously. He told them about the land beyond Bear Mountain, but forgot to mention what lived there. What lived in the land beyond Bear Mountain were the Gegeines which are a tribe of Earthborn giants with six arms and wore leather loincloths. While most of the crew went into the forest to search for supplies, the Gegeines saw that few Argonauts were guarding the ship and raided it. Heracles was among those guarding the ship at the time and managed to kill most them before Jason and the others returned. Once some of the other Gegeines were killed, Jason and the Argonauts set sail. Sometime after their fight with the Gegeines, they sent some men to find food and water. Among these men was Heracles' servant Hylas who was gathering water while Heracles was out finding some wood to carve a new oar to replace the one that broke. The nymphs of the stream where Hylas was collecting were attracted to his good looks, and pulled him into the stream. Heracles returned to his Labors, but Hylas was lost forever. Others say that Heracles went to Colchis with the Argonauts, got the Golden Girdle of the Amazons and slew the Stymphalian Birds at that time. The Argonauts departed, losing their bearings and landing again at the same spot that night. In the darkness, the Doliones took them for enemies and they started fighting each other. The Argonauts killed many of the Doliones, among them the king Cyzicus. Cyzicus' wife killed herself. The Argonauts realized their horrible mistake when dawn came and held a funeral for him. One of the most famous depictions of Heracles 赫拉克勒斯, originally by Lysippos (Marble, Roman copy called Hercules Farnese, 216 CE)
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Post by 花雨 on Apr 17, 2016 23:29:08 GMT -5
一路障碍重重,但总是车到山前必有路船到桥头自然直。"In the end things will mend". "为报答他们,菲纽斯帮他们占卜未来,揭示了如何通过撞击的岩石的方法及去科尔喀斯将会途经的地方。" ---- 善行善报。 zt: 阿耳戈号之后来到珀布律喀亚王国。其国王阿密科斯是海神波塞冬与比提尼亚的宁芙所生之子。谁来到他的王国都被强迫与他进行拳赛,输了的都被他杀掉。当阿耳戈船英雄上岸时,国王向他们发出战书,叫他们挑选一人出来对阵应战。波吕丢刻斯挺身迎战,经过一轮恶斗,波吕丢刻斯一记重拳落在国王的耳根上,夺去他性命。 之后,他们航行到普罗庞戚斯的岛屿,那处的国王吕科斯一向受到阿密科斯的攻击,因此十分感激阿耳戈船英雄把他铲除了。在那里逗留期间,他们出外收集稻草,阿波罗之子伊德蒙因被野猪所伤而丧命。 很快伊阿宋到达了撒尔米德索斯,那里是色雷斯国(Thrace) 国王菲纽斯居住的地方。菲纽斯是阿革诺耳的儿子,拥有阿波罗所传授的预言能力。由于他多次泄露天机,激怒了宙斯,于是宙斯使他双目失明,并派 哈耳庇厄神鸟来惩罚他。 每当有饭菜放在菲纽斯面前,神鸟都会立刻飞来把食物抢走或糟蹋。阿耳戈船英雄十分同情菲纽斯,他们摆了一桌子丰富食物,神鸟到来时,有翅膀的卡拉伊斯及仄忒斯(Zetes),又称波瑞阿斯兄弟(Boreads)拔剑飞去追逐神鸟,把它们赶走,使菲纽斯不再受惩罚。而为报答他们,菲纽斯帮他们占卜未来,揭示了如何通过撞击的岩石的方法及去科尔喀斯将会途经的地方。
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Post by 花雨 on Apr 17, 2016 23:38:28 GMT -5
Harpy zt: 哈耳庇厄 Harpy通常认为,哈耳庇厄是海神陶玛斯和大洋神女厄勒克特拉所生(因此是彩虹女神伊里斯的姐妹);也有说法认为它们是堤丰与厄客德娜所生。哈耳庇厄的数量不确定,在1至5个之间。荷马只提到过一个波达耳革(Ποδάργη,意为“捷足者”),它为阿喀琉斯生了两匹神马当坐骑。而赫西俄德在《神谱》中则说哈耳庇厄有两个:埃罗(又名尼科托厄)和俄库珀忒,没有波达耳革。另一些神话提到了第四个哈耳庇厄:刻莱诺(一说刻莱诺即波达耳革)。它们的名字各有含义,埃罗(Άελλα)意为“疾风”,俄库珀忒(Ωκυπέτη)意为“飞快的翅膀”,刻莱诺(Κελαινό)意为“黑暗”。这些名字表明哈耳庇厄的性质与风有关;它们的配偶(仄费洛斯)也是风神。此外,还有神话提到过第五个哈耳庇厄:阿厄洛珀(Αερόπη)。 赫西俄德所描写的哈耳庇厄并非十分丑恶的生物,《神谱》中称它们为“有可爱头发的”。后来(主要是在菲纽斯故事中)它们的形象则发展为丑陋的怪物:长着女人的头,却有着秃鹫的身体、翅膀和利爪,而且性格残忍、凶恶。 哈耳庇厄不仅丑陋而且污秽。关于它们的神话中最著名的就是菲纽斯神话。色雷斯国王菲纽斯拥有预言的能力,结果因泄露天机太多而激怒了宙斯。众神诅咒他,使他在一座荒岛上遭受永久的饥饿,眼前有丰富的食物却吃不到。每当菲纽斯想吃东西时,哈耳庇厄就飞过来抢夺他的食物,再往剩下的食物上排放粪便,最后逃之夭夭。哈耳庇厄速度奇快,来得突然,一眨眼又飞得无影无踪。后来伊阿宋率领阿耳戈船英雄寻找金羊毛时路过此岛,其中的玻瑞阿代兄弟帮助菲纽斯把哈耳庇厄赶走,才解救了这个不幸的人。玻瑞阿代兄弟(厄忒斯和卡拉伊斯)是北风神玻瑞阿斯的一对孪生子,也是菲纽斯的妻兄,他们长有翅膀可以飞翔。关于玻瑞阿代兄弟如何驱赶哈耳庇厄,有几种不同说法。一种说法说神谕显示哈耳庇厄只有被玻瑞阿代兄弟抓住才会死,而如果玻瑞阿代兄弟抓不住哈耳庇厄,他们自己就会死。厄忒斯和卡拉伊斯遂穷追哈耳庇厄,但未能抓住,结果在返回途中死去。更常见的说法是,哈耳庇厄在两兄弟追赶下仓皇逃窜,其中一只落入河中,该河遂得名哈耳庇斯河;另一只则逃到了厄喀那得斯岛(后改名为斯特洛法得斯岛,即今希腊斯特罗法泽斯群岛)。这时彩虹女神伊里斯突然出现在玻瑞阿代兄弟面前,宣布说宙斯不允许杀死哈耳庇厄;而哈耳庇厄为了保命,也许诺不再骚扰菲纽斯,并避居到克里特岛的洞穴里去。为了向英雄们表示感谢,菲纽斯告诉了他们安全通过蓬托斯海入口处的撞岩的方法。 哈耳庇厄也出现在潘达瑞俄斯的神话中。潘达瑞俄斯竟敢偷走瑞亚(宙斯之母)派去看护年幼宙斯的金狗,因而遭到众神的严惩。哈耳庇厄受宙斯之命拐走了潘达瑞俄斯的女儿们。另一说,在潘达瑞俄斯被宙斯殛死后,阿佛罗狄忒打算为他的女儿安排婚事,但哈耳庇厄却把她们劫到厄里倪厄斯诸女神那里当奴仆。后来便有神话把哈耳庇厄描写为神圣的复仇者;它们拐走儿童,把有罪之人的灵魂带往塔耳塔洛斯,并在路上折磨他们。 在罗马神话中,埃涅阿斯在特洛伊陷落后带领族人逃往意大利时,曾路过哈耳庇厄居住的斯特洛法得斯岛,同样遭到了它们的骚扰。哈耳庇厄不断抢走特洛伊人的食物,其中的刻莱诺更是诅咒说特洛伊人最后会饿得吃掉他们的桌子。特洛伊人恐惧地逃离了斯特洛法得斯岛。但丁在《神曲》地狱篇第十三章中提到了哈耳庇厄恐吓特洛伊人的故事: “那些丑恶的哈尔比正是在这里筑巢做窝, 她们曾把特洛伊人赶出斯特洛法德斯岛, 因为她们对他们的未来做出不祥的预告。 她们有宽大的翅膀,有人形的脖颈和面庞, 她们双脚带钩,硕大的肚皮长满羽毛; 她们栖息在怪异的树木上发出凄厉的吼叫。” 在但丁笔下,哈耳庇厄的职责是惩罚自杀者的灵魂。 在中世纪的欧洲,哈耳庇厄是骑士纹章上常见的图案,尤其流行于东弗里西亚地区。 In Greek mythology and Roman mythology, a harpy (plural harpies, Greek: ἅρπυια, harpyia, pronounced [hárpyi̯a]; Latin: harpȳia) was a female monster in the form of a bird with a human face. They steal food from their victims while they are eating and carry evildoers (especially those who have killed their family) to the Erinyes. They seem originally to have been wind spirits. Their name means "snatchers". Homer wrote that a harpy was the mother of the two horses of Achilles sired by the West Wind Zephyrus. Hesiod calls them two "lovely-haired" creatures, the daughters of Thaumas and Electra (not to be confused with Electra, daughter of King Agamemnon), who were sisters of Iris. Pottery art depicting the harpies featured beautiful women with wings. Roman and Byzantine writers detailed their ugliness. King Phineus of Thrace was given the gift of prophecy by Zeus. Angry that Phineus gave away the god's secret plan, Zeus punished him by blinding him and putting him on an island with a buffet of food which he could never eat because the harpies always arrived to steal the food out of his hands before he could satisfy his hunger, and befouled the remains of his food. This continued until the arrival of Jason and the Argonauts. The Boreads, sons of Boreas, the North Wind, who also could fly, succeeded in driving off the harpies, but without killing any of them, following a request from Iris, who promised that Phineus would not be bothered by the harpies again. "The dogs of great Zeus" returned to their "cave in Minoan Crete". Thankful for their help, Phineus told the Argonauts how to pass the Symplegades. In this form they were agents of punishment who abducted people and tortured them on their way to Tartarus. They were vicious, cruel and violent. They lived on the islands of the Strophades. They were usually seen as the personifications of the destructive nature of wind. The harpies in this tradition, now thought of as three sisters instead of the original two, Hesiod's two Harpies are named Aello ("storm swift") and Ocypete ("the swift wing"), Virgil's added Celaeno ("the dark") as a third. Homer knew of a Harpy named Podarge ("fleet-foot"). Aeneas encountered harpies on the Strophades as they repeatedly made off with the feast the Trojans were setting. Celaeno utters a prophecy: the Trojans will be so hungry they will eat their tables before they reach the end of their journey. The Trojans fled in fear. Harpies remained vivid in the Middle Ages. In his Inferno, XIII, Dante envisages the tortured wood infested with harpies, where the suicides have their punishment in the seventh ring of Hell: Here the repellent harpies make their nests, Who drove the Trojans from the Strophades With dire announcements of the coming woe. They have broad wings, with razor sharp talons and a human neck and face, Clawed feet and swollen, feathered bellies; they caw Their lamentations in the eerie trees. William Blake was inspired by Dante's description in his pencil, ink and watercolour "The Wood of the Self-Murderers: The Harpies and the Suicides" (Tate Gallery, London). Harpies in the infernal wood, from Inferno XIII, by Gustave Doré, 1861
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Post by 花雨 on Apr 29, 2016 22:44:12 GMT -5
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撞岩(叙姆普勒加得斯) The Symplegades (Clashing Rocks)
撞击之岩石,又称叙姆普勒加得斯,位于博斯普鲁斯海峡,是两堵随时撞击在一起的高山巨岩。依照菲纽斯的预言,阿耳戈船英雄放出一只白鸽,白鸽顺利从撞击之岩石问穿过,趁著岩石相撞后反弹的时机,阿耳戈船英雄奋力划桨,如鸽子般高速驶去,正当他们驶到岩石之间,差点被压碎之际,雅典娜女神左手顶着岩石,右手推阿耳戈号一把,使他们得以顺利通过。
The only way to reach Colchis was to sail through the Symplegades (Clashing Rocks), huge rock cliffs that came together and crushed anything that traveled between them. Phineas told Jason to release a dove when they approached these islands, and if the dove made it through, to row with all their might. If the dove was crushed, he was doomed to fail. Jason released the dove as advised, which made it through, losing only a few tail feathers. Seeing this, they rowed strongly and made it through with minor damage at the extreme stern of the ship. From that time on, the clashing rocks were forever joined leaving free passage for others to pass.
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Post by 花雨 on Apr 29, 2016 22:46:00 GMT -5
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Lord Byron refers to the Symplegades in the concluding stanzas of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage:
And from the Alban Mount we now behold Our friend of youth, that ocean, which when we Beheld it last by Calp's rock unfold Those waves, we follow on till the dark Euxine roll'd Upon the blue Symplegades …
The New Critic I.A. Richards refers to 'Symplegades' in his epoch making work Practical Criticism. In Chapter 2, 'Figurative Language' he refers to as dangers of misinterpretations in reading poems. " These twin dangers - careless, 'intuitive' reading and prosaic, 'over-literal' reading - are the Symplegades, the 'justling rocks', between which too many ventures into poetry are wrecked."
In his 1961 novel Jason, Henry Treece depicts the Symplegades as icebergs that drifted downriver into the Black Sea.
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Post by 花雨 on Apr 29, 2016 22:51:55 GMT -5
Medea by Evelyn De Morgan 美狄亚出场了! zt: 抵达科尔喀斯 The arrival in Colchis
当阿耳戈船英雄,通过撞击之岩石后进入了黑海(Euxine),他们被女神朱诺的意志带引到狄亚岛(Dia)。在岛上他们遇到四个遭到海难,赤裸和无助的人。原来他们是科尔喀斯与契俄柏所生之儿子──阿耳戈斯、佛戎提斯、墨拉斯和西林卓斯。伊阿宋款待及帮助他们,而他们则引领阿耳戈船英雄到达科尔喀斯(Colchis),并叫英雄们把船隐藏起来。在途中,他们看到许多尸体被裹在牛皮里,用铁链锁捆着,并悬挂在树上,原来这是当地特别的安葬传统。 进城时,女神 赫拉施法在城内降下浓雾,使伊阿宋及他的同伴能顺利进入宫殿。 在宫殿中伊阿宋巧遇那里的 公主美狄亚。女神雅典娜找来帮助的 爱神厄罗斯飞到伊阿宋身后,用金箭射向美狄亚,使她深深爱上了伊阿宋。 国王埃厄忒斯一听到伊阿宋是来取金羊毛,便想办法除去他。他说若伊阿宋要取金羊毛,就必须通过考验,包括用两头喷火的公牛耕田,然后播种龙牙,最后还要打败龙牙长出来的巨人战士。因为爱情之魔力,美狄亚背叛她父王,她给了伊阿宋一瓶魔油,并教导他如何打败巨人。伊阿宋则答应事成后带她回希腊,娶她为妻。 Jason arrived in Colchis (modern Black Sea coast of Georgia) to claim the fleece as his own. It was owned by King Aeetes of Colchis. The fleece was given to him by Phrixus. Aeetes promised to give it to Jason only if he could perform three certain tasks. Presented with the tasks, Jason became discouraged and fell into depression. However, Hera had persuaded Aphrodite to convince her son Eros to make Aeetes' daughter, Medea, fall in love with Jason. As a result, Medea aided Jason in his tasks.
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Post by 花雨 on Apr 29, 2016 23:09:45 GMT -5
《伊阿宋与美狄亚》于1875年由古斯塔夫·莫里欧所绘的油画。法力无边的美狄亚爱上了伊阿宋,并协助伊阿宋降伏了守护金羊毛的巨龙。画中描述美狄亚正为伊阿宋涂抹魔法油膏,为他念咒,保护他免受火焰、恶魔、刀剑的伤害。 如果没有美狄亚(她精通魔法)的相助,伊阿宋根本无法取到金羊毛。 取到金羊毛后,这只是悲剧故事的beginning. zt: 播种龙牙 Sowing a Dragon's Teeth, 智取金羊毛 Seizing the Golden Fleece第二天,伊阿宋在盾、矛和身上涂上了魔油,其效力使他一天内刀枪不入,不怕火烧。他轻易地制服两只喷火公牛,把铁犁耙套在它们上,驱赶它们犁田。之后,伊阿宋把国王给他的龙牙,播种在田里,并长出一群巨人战士。伊阿宋依照美狄亚的指示把石头丢进战士中间,使他们自相残杀,伊阿宋于是轻易地把他们全部打倒。 虽然伊阿宋通过考验,但国王没打算把金羊毛给他,反而想着如何才能消灭伊阿宋及阿耳戈船英雄。美狄亚洞悉父王的想法,连夜动身,引领伊阿宋到挂著金羊毛的树林,她以魔幻的歌声及魔液使守卫的巨龙睡觉,伊阿宋连忙取下金羊毛,带着美狄亚返回阿耳戈号,然后快速起航离开科尔喀斯。 First, Jason had to plow a field with fire-breathing oxen, the Khalkotauroi, that he had to yoke himself. Medea provided an ointment that protected him from the oxen's flames. Then, Jason sowed the teeth of a dragon into a field. The teeth sprouted into an army of warriors (spartoi). Medea had previously warned Jason of this and told him how to defeat this foe. Before they attacked him, he threw a rock into the crowd. Unable to discover where the rock had come from, the soldiers attacked and defeated one another. His last task was to overcome the sleepless dragon which guarded the Golden Fleece. Jason sprayed the dragon with a potion, given by Medea, distilled from herbs. The dragon fell asleep, and Jason was able to seize the Golden Fleece.
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Post by 花雨 on May 3, 2016 0:50:26 GMT -5
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回航的历程 The return journey
当国王埃厄忒斯知道美狄亚出卖他及逃走后,国王预备了船,派他儿子阿布叙尔托斯带同大批科尔喀斯战士去追捕美狄亚。
为避开科尔喀斯人的追捕,阿耳戈英雄根据菲纽斯的预言,取道另一航线,把船驶入伊斯忒河。他们一直被追赶至亚得里亚海的一座岛屿,美狄亚骗她的兄弟阿布叙尔托斯,使他堕入英雄们设下的埋伏而被杀害。该岛屿也因此命名为阿布叙尔提得斯(Absyrtides,即现今的苏萨克)。 有另一神话甚至说美狄亚把兄弟的尸体肢解,然后丢进海里。埃厄忒斯为找回儿子的肢体,而暂时放弃追捕。
美狄亚杀害亲兄弟的恶行激怒了宙斯,当阿耳戈号通过厄里达诺斯河,宙斯吹起风暴,使他们无法前进。阿耳戈号上会预言的神木指示他们必须找魔术女神喀耳刻以清洗谋杀兄弟的罪行,否则逃避不了宙斯的愤怒。于是他们一直航行,经过罗纳河(Rhodanus),进入地中海。他们途经斯托卡得斯海岛),再经过埃塔利亚岛(Aethalia即现今厄尔巴岛),经多天的航行终于来到喀耳刻所居处的埃埃亚岛。 魔术女神喀耳刻原来是埃厄忒斯的妹妹,她知道美狄亚与伊阿宋的来意后,便端出牲畜和祭品,把它们祭献给宙斯以作赎罪。 离开埃埃亚岛后,阿耳戈船英雄再次得到女神赫拉帮助及护佑,得以继续上路。
Jason then sailed away with Medea. Medea distracted her father, who chased them as they fled, by killing her brother Apsyrtus and throwing pieces of his body into the sea; Aeetes stopped to gather them. In another version, Medea lured Apsyrtus into a trap. Jason killed him, chopped off his fingers and toes, and buried the corpse. In any case, Jason and Medea escaped.
On the way back to Iolcus, Medea prophesied to Euphemus, the Argo's helmsman, that one day he would rule Cyrene. This came true through Battus, a descendant of Euphemus. Zeus, as punishment for the slaughter of Medea's own brother, sent a series of storms at the Argo and blew it off course. The Argo then spoke and said that they should seek purification with Circe, a nymph living on the island of Aeaea. After being cleansed, they continued their journey home.
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Post by 花雨 on May 3, 2016 0:58:22 GMT -5
The Siren, by John William Waterhouse (c. 1900), depicted as a fish-chimera 多亏俄耳甫斯的美妙琴声使阿尔戈英雄幸免于难。 zt: 塞壬 Sirens之后,他们看见了一个美丽的海岛,岛上原来住着塞壬,其外貌一半像鸟儿,一半像女人。她们常以甜美的歌声迷惑经过的船只,然后摧毁他们。 阿耳戈船英雄经过时,她们唱出像百合的歌声。英雄们都被吸引,准备靠岸时, 唯独俄耳甫斯(Orpheus)保持清醒,他以手中的里拉琴,弹奏起有如波纹起伏的曲调,以压制塞壬的歌声。 即使如此,其中一位英雄波忒斯,抵受不了诱惑,跳入海中, 幸好被女神阿佛洛狄忒所救,在利利巴厄姆(Lilybaeum)定居下来,其他阿耳戈船英雄则以为他已葬身大海,于是继续航行。 Chiron had told Jason that without the aid of Orpheus, the Argonauts would never be able to pass the Sirens—the same Sirens encountered by Odysseus in Homer's epic poem the Odyssey. The Sirens lived on three small, rocky islands called Sirenum scopuli and sang beautiful songs that enticed sailors to come to them, which resulted in the crashing of their ship into the islands. When Orpheus heard their voices, he drew his lyre and played music that was more beautiful and louder, drowning out the Sirens' bewitching songs. Odysseus and the Sirens, eponymous vase of the Siren Painter, c. 480–470 BC, (British Museum)
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Post by 花雨 on May 3, 2016 1:00:23 GMT -5
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只有两位希腊神话中的英雄安全经过了塞壬的领域,其一是阿尔戈英雄中的俄耳甫斯,他弹奏竖琴令塞壬亦为之倾倒;另一位是特洛伊战争英雄奥德修斯,他让手下的海员以白腊封住双耳,为了聆听塞壬的歌声而将自己绑缚在桅杆上,因此塞壬女妖用自己的歌声引诱奥德修斯与他的伙伴们失败后,帕耳忒诺珀与其他姐妹一同投海自尽,化为悬崖岩壁。也有别的说法是帕耳忒诺珀投海自尽后,她的尸体漂浮到了那不勒斯湾,在那里人们专门为她修了一座纪念碑。
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Post by 花雨 on May 3, 2016 1:07:37 GMT -5
Jason and Medea by John William Waterhouse (1907) zt: 塔罗斯 Talos阿耳戈号之后来到淮阿喀亚人的海岛,受到那里的国王是阿尔喀诺俄斯的款待。不过,从另一路追捕美狄亚的科尔喀斯战士跟踪到来,双方准备展开恶斗时,阿尔喀诺俄斯国王介入调停,并说会为双方作出仲裁。在休战期间国王向王后表示如果美狄亚还是未婚的姑娘,那么就应该把她交还其父亲处置;但如果她已经成为伊阿宋的妻子,那么就不应该把他们拆散。王后把国王的想法传递给伊阿宋,于是当晚伊阿宋与美狄亚在山洞成婚。因此,第二天阿尔喀诺俄斯于是宣判美狄亚不能交给科尔喀斯一方,并且会给阿耳戈船英雄提供保护。 阿耳戈号然后来了到克里特岛,岛屿由 塔罗斯守卫,他全身都是青铜,根本刀枪不入,不过有一条血管从他的脖子连接到的脚根,用一根铜钉封著。塔罗斯每天环绕小岛巡逻三次,当阿耳戈号接近时,他向船猛力投掷巨石。美狄亚用药物使他发疯,另一说法,她答应巨人可使他长生不死。美狄亚然后拔出了钉子,所有岩精(血液)从伤口涌出,巨人倒下丧生。 The Argo then came to the island of Crete, guarded by the bronze man, Talos. As the ship approached, Talos hurled huge stones at the ship, keeping it at bay. Talos had one blood vessel which went from his neck to his ankle, bound shut by only one bronze nail (as in metal casting by the lost wax method). Medea cast a spell on Talos to calm him; she removed the bronze nail and Talos bled to death. The Argo was then able to sail on.
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Post by 花雨 on May 3, 2016 1:16:38 GMT -5
塔罗斯 我们常听到黄金时代,白银时代,比方荷兰黄金时代的绘画,俄国文学的白银时代,又比方王小波的小说《黄金时代》《白银时代》《青铜时代》 《黑铁时代》,这些说法原出自希腊神话。 罗丹有雕塑《青铜时代》。 塔罗斯属于青铜代。 zt: 塔罗斯(希腊语:Ταλως)是希腊神话中的金属巨人(Automaton)。该名义为“砍伐”或“太阳”。 塔罗斯的身世有三种版本。按赫西俄德的说法, 宙斯曾创造了四代人类:黄金、白银、青铜、黑铁。这塔罗斯是个铜人,属于青铜一代(the bronze generation),历劫不灭,直到半神时代(Age of the Demigods)尚在人间。另一种观点认为它由火神赫淮斯托斯和独眼巨人铸造,送给克里特国王米诺斯。而史诗作者西尼松(Cinaethon)则指其为古克里特信仰中的太阳神,赫淮斯托斯反倒成了它的儿子。在某些方言中,talos等同于helios(希腊语指“太阳”),也算西尼松观点的一个注脚。米诺斯王的妻子帕斯菲(Pasiphae,代表月亮)可能是塔罗斯的女儿。 大部分典籍说它全身青铜铸就,所向无敌。只有一根血管,从颈部通下,直到膝盖处以铜钮遮掩(一说上面只有层薄皮)。那儿便是命门所在。这与阿喀琉斯的脚踝十分相似。它能一日之内绕克里特岛三周。《神谱》中提到别种说法,将它描述为一头公牛。艺术家常将其绘成青铜雕就的英俊青年。 The Age of Bronze by Auguste Rodin, Alte Nationalgalerie, Berlin, Germany (2006).
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Post by 花雨 on May 14, 2016 23:47:43 GMT -5
Medea by Anthony Frederick Augustus Sandys (painted 1866-68); its rejection for exhibition at the Royal Academy in 1868 caused a storm of protest 虽然伊阿宋取到了金羊毛,但国王珀利阿斯并没有信守将王位交给伊阿宋的诺言。 zt: 返回家乡爱俄尔卡斯 Jason returns经历多番的险阻,阿耳戈船英雄终于回到爱俄尔卡斯,伊阿宋把金羊毛交给国王珀利阿斯,他真的不能相信伊阿宋居然能够回来。不幸,伊阿宋的父亲埃宋在之前已遭珀利阿斯迫害,喝下有毒的牛血自尽。伊阿宋的母亲也上吊了结生命,而遗下的男婴最终也被珀利阿斯杀害。(关于伊阿宋父亲的生死,有不同版本) 伊阿宋在美狄亚的帮忙下,要珀利阿斯血债血偿。美狄亚去到宫殿,在珀利阿斯的女儿们面前,把一只老公羊切成小块,放在锅中煮沸,跟着加入魔药把它变成幼羔羊。美狄亚向她们承诺也能依样葫芦把她们的父亲回复青春。她们信以为真,于是把珀利阿斯剁成肉碎和煮沸,美狄亚当然之后没有加入有效的魔药,而珀利阿斯也没有复生。 虽然伊阿宋铲除了珀利阿斯,但他始终未有取回王位,因为珀利阿斯的儿子阿卡斯托斯(Acastus)把伊阿宋和美狄亚逐出爱俄尔卡斯,他们只有逃到科林斯,在那里住了十年。 It should be noted that Thomas Bulfinch has an antecedent to the interaction of Medea and the daughters of Pelias. Jason, celebrating his return with the Golden Fleece, noted that his father was too aged and infirm to participate in the celebrations. He had seen and been served by Medea's magical powers. He asked Medea to take some years from his life and add them to the life of his father. She did so, but at no such cost to Jason's life. Medea withdrew the blood from Aesons body and infused it with certain herbs; putting it back into his veins, returning vigor to him. Pelias' daughters saw this and wanted the same service for their father. Medea, using her sorcery, claimed to Pelias' daughters that she could make their father smooth and vigorous as a child by chopping him up into pieces and boiling the pieces in a cauldron of water and magical herbs. She demonstrated this remarkable feat with the oldest ram in the flock, which leapt out of the cauldron as a lamb. The girls, rather naively, sliced and diced their father and put him in the cauldron. Medea did not add the magical herbs, and Pelias was dead. Pelias' son, Acastus, drove Jason and Medea into exile for the murder, and the couple settled in Corinth.
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Post by 花雨 on May 14, 2016 23:57:31 GMT -5
Medea (about to murder her children) by Eugène Ferdinand Victor Delacroix (1862) 伊阿宋追求权位,休妻另娶。 美狄亚复仇的烈焰熊熊燃烧,她不仅烧死了新娘,还杀死了自己的亲生骨肉。 zt: 伊阿宋忘恩负义 Treachery of Jason
之后,那里的国王克瑞翁把女儿格劳刻许配给伊阿宋,伊阿宋忘恩负义接受婚约并与美狄亚离婚。 美狄亚进行报复,送给新娘一件染了毒药的长袍作为结婚礼物。格劳刻穿上后被剧烈的火焰烧死,她的父亲为救女儿也一起丧生。美狄亚更杀害了自己两个儿子,然后乘着由飞龙拉着的战车逃到雅典。 伊阿宋由于背弃承诺,失去了女神赫拉的护佑。有一次,他在阿耳戈号的船尾睡着,早已腐朽的大船倒下把他压死。 In Corinth, Jason became engaged to marry Creusa (sometimes referred to as Glauce), a daughter of the King of Corinth, to strengthen his political ties. When Medea confronted Jason about the engagement and cited all the help she had given him, he retorted that it was not she that he should thank, but Aphrodite who made Medea fall in love with him. Infuriated with Jason for breaking his vow that he would be hers forever, Medea took her revenge by presenting to Creusa a cursed dress, as a wedding gift, that stuck to her body and burned her to death as soon as she put it on. Creusa's father, Creon, burned to death with his daughter as he tried to save her. Then Medea killed the two boys that she bore to Jason, fearing that they would be murdered or enslaved as a result of their mother's actions. When Jason came to know of this, Medea was already gone; she fled to Athens in a chariot of dragons sent by her grandfather, the sun-god Helios. Later Jason and Peleus, father of the hero Achilles, attacked and defeated Acastus, reclaiming the throne of Iolcus for himself once more. Jason's son, Thessalus, then became king. As a result of breaking his vow to love Medea forever, Jason lost his favor with Hera and died lonely and unhappy. He was asleep under the stern of the rotting Argo when it fell on him, killing him instantly.
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Post by 花雨 on May 15, 2016 0:05:27 GMT -5
Medea - Maria Callas - Pier Paolo Pasolini
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Post by 花雨 on May 15, 2016 0:13:20 GMT -5
zt:
美狄亚返回科尔喀斯
在雅典,美狄亚又嫁给了国王埃勾斯,并生下一子墨多斯。而在此之前,埃勾斯一直自认为自己后继无人,对自己有一个名为忒修斯的英雄儿子毫不知情。当长大成人后的忒修斯来到雅典寻访父亲的时候,美狄亚百般阻止他们父子相认。她向埃勾斯进言,让忒修斯前往马拉松制服那一带的野牛,企图藉机置他于死地。不料英勇的忒修斯顺利地完成了任务回到雅典,父子俩终于相认,忒修斯也名正言顺地成为了雅典王位的继承人。阴谋败露后,美狄亚便带着儿子墨多斯灰溜溜地离开了雅典。辗转曲折,美狄亚又回到了她的出生地科尔喀斯,并和儿子一道推翻了父亲埃厄忒斯的统治。
She then fled to Athens where she met and married Aegeus. They had one son, Medus, although Hesiod makes Medus the son of Jason. Her domestic bliss was once again shattered by the arrival of Aegeus' long-lost son, Theseus. Determined to preserve her own son's inheritance, Medea convinced her husband that Theseus was a threat and that he should be disposed of. As Medea handed Theseus a cup of poison, Aegeus recognized the young man's sword as his own, which he had left behind many years previously for his newborn son, to be given to him when he came of age. Knocking the cup from Medea's hand, Aegeus embraced Theseus as his own.
Medea then returned to Colchis and, finding that Aeëtes had been deposed by his brother Perses, promptly killed her uncle and restored the kingdom to her father. Herodotus reports another version, in which Medea and her son Medus fled from Athens on her flying chariot, to the Iranian plateau and lived among the Aryans, who then changed their name to the Medes.
Recounting the many variations of Medea's story, the 1st century BC historian Diodorus Siculus wrote, "Speaking generally, it is because of the desire of the tragic poets for the marvelous that so varied and inconsistent an account of Medea has been given out."
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Post by oldperson on Feb 23, 2017 22:14:12 GMT -5
----只有两位希腊神话中的英雄安全经过了塞壬的领域,其一是阿尔戈英雄中的俄耳甫斯,他弹奏竖琴令塞壬亦为之倾倒;另一位是特洛伊战争英雄奥德修斯,他让手下的海员以白腊封住双耳,为了聆听塞壬的歌声而将自己绑缚在桅杆上,因此塞壬女妖用自己的歌声引诱奥德修斯与他的伙伴们失败后,帕耳忒诺珀与其他姐妹一同投海自尽,化为悬崖岩壁。也有别的说法是帕耳忒诺珀投海自尽后,她的尸体漂浮到了那不勒斯湾,在那里人们专门为她修了一座纪念碑。
发现器乐还是比声乐厉害。塞壬的声音是客体小a,而俄耳甫斯弹奏的竖琴则来自大他者。
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Post by 花雨 on Feb 24, 2017 2:04:55 GMT -5
"发现器乐还是比声乐厉害。塞壬的声音是客体小a,而俄耳甫斯弹奏的竖琴则来自大他者。" --- 哲学功底深厚,思维深刻。厉害。
Sirenes. Claude Debussy
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Post by 花雨 on Jun 10, 2017 11:09:30 GMT -5
威尼斯商人 Merchant of Venice ACT I SCENE I: (译文摘自http://www.kanunu8.com/book4/10369/229813.html) 巴萨尼奥 在贝尔蒙特有一位富家的嗣女,长得非常美貌,尤其值得称道的,她有非常卓越的德性;从她的眼睛里,我有时接到她的脉脉含情的流盼。她的名字叫做鲍西娅,比起古代凯图的女儿,勃鲁托斯的贤妻鲍西娅来,毫无逊色。这广大的世界也没有漠视她的好处,四方的风从每一处海岸上带来了声名藉藉的求婚者; 她的光亮的长发就像是传说中的金羊毛,把她所住的贝尔蒙特变做了神话中的王国,引诱着无数的 伊阿宋①前来向她追求。啊,我的安东尼奥!只要我有相当的财力,可以和他们中间无论哪一个人匹敌,那么我觉得我有充分的把握,一定会达到愿望的。 BASSANIO In Belmont is a lady richly left; And she is fair, and, fairer than that word, Of wondrous virtues: sometimes from her eyes I did receive fair speechless messages: Her name is Portia, nothing undervalued To Cato's daughter, Brutus' Portia: Nor is the wide world ignorant of her worth, For the four winds blow in from every coast Renowned suitors, and her sunny locks Hang on her temples like a golden fleece; Which makes her seat of Belmont Colchos' strand, And many Jasons come in quest of her. O my Antonio, had I but the means To hold a rival place with one of them, I have a mind presages me such thrift, That I should questionless be fortunate! "The golden fleece is a symbol of authority and kingship." ---- 金羊毛是权力与王位的象征。 金羊毛的来历 (zt 百度)玻俄提亚(Βοιωτία)国王阿塔玛斯(Αθάμας)最初娶云之女神涅斐勒(Νεφέλη)为妻,生了一女儿赫勒(Έλλη)及一儿子佛里克索斯。 阿塔玛斯后来迷恋伊诺(Ινώ)并与她结婚,而伊诺因嫉妒她的继子女虐待他们,并说服阿塔玛斯需把佛里克索斯祭献给宙斯以解决当时的旱灾。 涅斐勒为保护子女免受迫害,召来了一公羊来助他们逃走。这公羊的名叫克律索马罗斯,身上生有双翼,其羊皮是纯金的,是亡灵的接引神赫耳墨斯(Ερμής)送给涅斐勒的礼物。 金公羊背着两个孩子向东飞,当飞到欧亚之间的海峡时,赫勒从羊背上跌落入海中淹死,而佛里克索斯则最后抵达科尔喀斯,得到那里的国王埃厄忒斯的接待,并把女儿契俄柏(Χαλκιόπη)嫁给他。 佛里克索斯将金公羊祭献给宙斯,然后把它的金羊毛送给了国王埃厄忒斯。国王把金羊毛挂在战神阿瑞斯(Άρης)圣林里的一伙橡树上,由火龙看守。 wiki: Golden FleeceIn Greek mythology, the Golden Fleece (Greek: χρυσόμαλλον δέρας chrysómallon déras) is the fleece of the gold-hair winged ram, which was held in Colchis. The fleece is a symbol of authority and kingship. It figures in the tale of the hero Jason and his band of Argonauts, who set out on a quest for the fleece by order of King Pelias, in order to place Jason rightfully on the throne of Iolcus in Thessaly. Through the help of Medea, they acquire the Golden Fleece. The story is of great antiquity and was current in the time of Homer (eighth century BC). It survives in various forms, among which the details vary. Athamas the Minyan, a founder of Halos in Thessaly[2] but also king of the city of Orchomenus in Boeotia (a region of southeastern Greece), took the goddess Nephele as his first wife. They had two children, the boy Phrixus (whose name means "curly"—as in ram's fleece) and the girl Helle. Later Athamas became enamored of and married Ino, the daughter of Cadmus. When Nephele left in anger, drought came upon the land. Ino was jealous of her stepchildren and plotted their deaths: in some versions, she persuaded Athamas that sacrificing Phrixus was the only way to end the drought. Nephele, or her spirit, appeared to the children with a winged ram whose fleece was of gold. The ram had been sired by Poseidon in his primitive ram-form upon Theophane, a nymph and the granddaughter of Helios, the sun-god. According to Hyginus, Poseidon carried Theophane to an island where he made her into a ewe, so that he could have his way with her among the flocks. There Theophane's other suitors could not distinguish the ram-god and his consort. Nepheles' children escaped on the winged ram over the sea, but Helle fell off and drowned in the strait now named after her, the Hellespont. The ram spoke to Phrixus, encouraging him, and took the boy safely to Colchis (modern-day Georgia), on the easternmost shore of the Euxine (Black) Sea. There Phrixus sacrificed the winged ram to Poseidon, essentially returning him to the god. The ram became the constellation Aries. Phrixus settled in the house of Aeetes, son of Helios the sun god. He hung the Golden Fleece preserved from the sacrifice of the ram on an oak in a grove sacred to Ares, the god of war and one of the Twelve Olympians. The golden fleece was defended by bulls with hoofs of brass and breath of fire. It was also guarded by a never sleeping dragon with teeth which could become human soldiers when planted in the ground. The dragon was at the foot of the tree on which the fleece was placed.
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Post by 花雨 on Jun 10, 2017 11:17:09 GMT -5
维基中文: 赫拉克勒斯的死亡记载于奥维德的《变形记》的第九卷。在和河神阿克洛俄斯激战并取得胜利后,赫拉克勒斯和得伊阿尼拉结了婚。他们在梯林斯的旅程中,半人马涅索斯假装愿意驼得伊阿尼拉横跨一条流速很快的河流,这样赫拉克勒斯可以游泳过去。但涅索斯实际上是本性邪恶的半人马,并打算趁赫拉克勒斯还在水里时绑架得伊阿尼拉。当赫拉克勒斯到了对岸并发现真相时,他愤怒的用蘸过许德拉毒血的箭射杀了涅索斯。为了复仇,涅索斯在临死前将自己的血交给得伊阿尼拉,欺骗她自己的血可以让变心的男人回心转意。 几年后,得伊阿尼拉听信了赫拉克勒斯爱上别人的谣言,为了挽回他的心,她将涅索斯的血涂在一件罩衫上。 利卡斯,赫拉克勒斯的传令官,将这件有毒的罩衫交给了他。当他穿上这件罩衫时,那些来自许德拉的毒血开始腐蚀他的血肉,并吞噬他的骨骼。在他死之前,赫拉克勒斯将利卡斯抛入海中,认为其是想要毒害他的人(根据一些文献,利卡斯变成了同名的石像)。之后,赫拉克勒斯让人为他建造了一个火葬堆,由菲罗克忒忒斯的父亲波亚斯亲自为他点火。当他的躯体燃烧时,他作为神的部分与做为鬼的部分被分别保留了下来,宙斯将他神的部分神化,因此他升上了奥林匹斯山与赫拉和解成为众神狩猎时的搬运工与她的养子,而身为鬼的部分那狂暴的凶兽则被哈迪斯重用行走于在冥界众鬼的行列中,头披着狮皮围着自身命运织就的锦袍为哈迪斯管理众鬼的行列。 夜空中八十八个星座里面,在天龙座头部上方的武仙座就是以赫拉克勒斯的形象命名。 一些版本中是他的好友菲罗克忒忒斯为他点燃火堆,因此菲罗克忒忒斯(或波亚斯)继承了他的弓箭,这副武器在之后的特洛伊战争中起到了至关重要的作用。菲罗克忒忒斯和帕里斯对阵的时候,就是用这副弓箭射中了帕里斯,由于许德拉的毒血,帕里斯立刻死在箭下。这成为了特洛伊战争的最后转折点。 希腊化文明时期的琐罗亚斯德教徒用赫拉克勒斯的形像对其斗战神进行刻画。雕刻于公元前153年,克尔曼沙赫,伊朗 释迦牟尼的护卫金刚手菩萨,被认为是赫拉克勒斯的一个希腊式佛教化身。(健驮逻国,公元1世纪) Hylas and the Nymphs (1896) by John William Waterhouse Heracles 赫拉克勒斯,就是完成了十二伟业的大力士。 zt: 与杜利奥纳人不幸的误会 A Tragic Misunderstanding之后,阿耳戈船英雄来到弗里吉亚海岸旁的一个小岛(即现今的马摩拉海附近),岛上住着杜利奥纳人,国王 库梓科斯友好地款待阿耳戈船英雄,因为曾有预言指示国王千万不可与阿耳戈船英雄战斗。他们在岛上逗留期间,住在相邻长有六臂的巨人来袭,当时看守着阿耳戈号的赫拉克勒斯与其他英雄把巨人们打得落花流水。 胜利后,阿耳戈号起航驶入大海。入夜后,风向逆转,把船吹回杜利奥纳人的小岛,杜利奥纳人以为有敌人到来,双方还未看对方是谁便厮杀起来。混战中,伊阿宋杀死国王基奇科斯,杜利奥纳人大败。到第二天黎明时,他们才发现是一场不幸的误会。阿耳戈船英雄与杜利奥纳人哀悼国王三天,王后也因为忧伤悲痛而了结自己的性命。 他们继续航行,来到密细亚人(Mysia)的地方。下船后,赫拉克勒斯的仆人 许拉斯(Hylas)去取水时,河边的 宁芙(女仙)被他英俊优美的外貌吸引著,于是把他拉入河中掳走了他。 附近的波吕斐摩斯(Polyphemus, not the cyclops with the same name)听到呼救声,告知 赫拉克勒斯。正当二人寻找许拉斯时,阿耳戈号便起航,留下了他们。赫拉克勒斯之后返回船上,而波吕斐摩斯则留在密西埃建立了喀俄斯城,并成了那里的国王。也有其他说法指出,赫拉克勒斯最终没有返回阿耳戈号,而是步行往科尔喀斯,途中再遇到另一番不同的经历。 Cyzicus 库梓科斯After Lemnos the Argonauts landed among the Doliones, whose king Cyzicus treated them graciously. He told them about the land beyond Bear Mountain, but forgot to mention what lived there. What lived in the land beyond Bear Mountain were the Gegeines which are a tribe of Earthborn giants with six arms and wore leather loincloths. While most of the crew went into the forest to search for supplies, the Gegeines saw that few Argonauts were guarding the ship and raided it. Heracles was among those guarding the ship at the time and managed to kill most them before Jason and the others returned. Once some of the other Gegeines were killed, Jason and the Argonauts set sail. Sometime after their fight with the Gegeines, they sent some men to find food and water. Among these men was Heracles' servant Hylas who was gathering water while Heracles was out finding some wood to carve a new oar to replace the one that broke. The nymphs of the stream where Hylas was collecting were attracted to his good looks, and pulled him into the stream. Heracles returned to his Labors, but Hylas was lost forever. Others say that Heracles went to Colchis with the Argonauts, got the Golden Girdle of the Amazons and slew the Stymphalian Birds at that time. The Argonauts departed, losing their bearings and landing again at the same spot that night. In the darkness, the Doliones took them for enemies and they started fighting each other. The Argonauts killed many of the Doliones, among them the king Cyzicus. Cyzicus' wife killed herself. The Argonauts realized their horrible mistake when dawn came and held a funeral for him. One of the most famous depictions of Heracles 赫拉克勒斯, originally by Lysippos (Marble, Roman copy called Hercules Farnese, 216 CE)
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Post by 花雨 on Jun 10, 2017 11:19:26 GMT -5
Hercules and Lichas (Pavel Sorokin, 1849). 其实这个Lichas 是无辜的。 威尼斯商人 Act 2, Scene 1: MOROCCO Even for that I thank you: Therefore, I pray you, lead me to the caskets To try my fortune. By this scimitar That slew the Sophy and a Persian prince That won three fields of Sultan Solyman, I would outstare the sternest eyes that look, Outbrave the heart most daring on the earth, Pluck the young sucking cubs from the she-bear, Yea, mock the lion when he roars for prey, To win thee, lady. But, alas the while! If Hercules and Lichas play at dice Which is the better man, the greater throw May turn by fortune from the weaker hand:So is Alcides beaten by his page; And so may I, blind fortune leading me, Miss that which one unworthier may attain, And die with grieving. 摩洛哥亲王 单是您这一番美意,已经使我万分感激了;所以请您带我去瞧瞧那几个匣子,试一试我的命运吧。凭着这一柄曾经手刃波斯王并且使一个三次战败苏里曼苏丹的波斯王子授首的宝剑起誓,我要瞪眼吓退世间最狰狞的猛汉,跟全世界最勇武的壮士比赛胆量,从母熊的胸前夺下哺乳的小熊;当一头饿狮咆哮攫食的时候,我要向它揶揄侮弄,为了要博得你的垂青,小姐。可是唉! 即使像赫剌克勒斯那样的盖世英雄,要是跟他的奴仆赌起骰子来,也许他的运气还不如一个下贱之人——而赫剌克勒斯终于在他的奴仆的手里送了命④。我现在听从着盲目的命运的指挥,也许结果终于失望,眼看着一个不如我的人把我的意中人挟走,而自己在悲哀中死去。
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