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Post by Immanuel on Sept 1, 2022 23:09:37 GMT -5
John Stuart Mill - On Liberty - Part 1
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Post by 溪山 on Sept 6, 2022 0:13:24 GMT -5
John Stuart Mill was a genius. zt: 论自由
整个有关自由的立论是他基于功利主义的方法论的延续,密尔认为不涉及他人利害的行为,他人都无权加以干涉,亦即密尔提出的伤害原则在自由问题的适用: “人类之所以有理有权地可以个别地或者集体地对其中人任何分子的行动进行干涉,唯一的目的只是为了自我防卫。” 也即,只有在社会当中的某个成员的行动事实上上有可置信的可能或者已经造成对他人的危害,集体才有理由对其行动进行干涉,除此之外任何人和任何团体在思想自由、言论自由、宗教自由等方面均无权干涉。在论证个人自由的必要性方面,密尔认为: 一方面,欧洲文明受惠于“道路选择的多样性”,现实世界多样性与差异性是人类社会本该追求的目标状态。他认为只有保证个人在其自由疆界内自由追求个人福利的状况,才能够保持世界的多样性,以及提供给人们功利意义上的多样性和差异性带来的福利。 “让人类按照他们自己认为好的方式生活,比强迫他们按别人认为好的方式生活,对人类更有益”。 对于极权主义国家或家长制的统治国家,密尔认为这样必然导致人的发育迟缓、思想狭隘和智力的萎缩,因此,密尔主张社会的訊息应该集中,而对人施以限制或控制的权力则应该分散。 另一方面,密尔从知识增长和人类真理的发生机制上,认为 个人自由是最高效保证知识增长的必要保证。为了保证真理为大众所接受,密尔甚至认为保持一定的反面与错误意见也是必要的。“一旦战场上没有敵手,教师和学者就会在他们的职位上沉睡。”他认为正是在与异议的辩驳于争论过程当中,才能够更有力和充分地让真理脱颖而出。
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Post by 溪山 on Sept 6, 2022 0:17:52 GMT -5
“If all mankind minus one, were of one opinion, and only one person were of the contrary opinion, mankind would be no more justified in silencing that one person, than he, if he had the power, would be justified in silencing mankind.” ― John Stuart Mill, On Liberty
“In this age, the mere example of non-conformity, the mere refusal to bend the knee to custom, is itself a service. Precisely because the tyranny of opinion is such as to make eccentricity a reproach, it is desirable, in order to break through that tyranny, that people should be eccentric. Eccentricity has always abounded when and where strength of character has abounded; and the amount of eccentricity in a society has generally been proportional to the amount of genius, mental vigor, and moral courage which it contained. That so few now dare to be eccentric, marks the chief danger of the time.” ― John Stuart Mill, On Liberty
“The only freedom which deserves the name is that of pursuing our own good in our own way, so long as we do not attempt to deprive others of theirs, or impede their efforts to obtain it. Each is the proper guardian of his own health, whether bodily, or mental or spiritual. Mankind are greater gainers by suffering each other to live as seems good to themselves, than by compelling each to live as seems good to the rest.” ― John Stuart Mill, On Liberty
“The peculiar evil of silencing the expression of an opinion is, that it is robbing the human race; posterity as well as the existing generation; those who dissent from the opinion, still more than those who hold it. If the opinion is right, they are deprived of the opportunity of exchanging error for truth: if wrong, they lose, what is almost as great a benefit, the clearer perception and livelier impression of truth, produced by its collision with error.” ― John Stuart Mill, On Liberty
“Persons of genius, it is true, are, and are always likely to be, a small minority; but in order to have them, it is necessary to preserve the soil in which they grow.” ― John Stuart Mill, On Liberty
“Both teachers and learners go to sleep at their post as soon as there is no enemy in the field.” ― John Stuart Mill, On Liberty
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Post by 边 草 on Sept 6, 2022 15:13:31 GMT -5
“If all mankind minus one, were of one opinion, and only one person were of the contrary opinion, mankind would be no more justified in silencing that one person, than he, if he had the power, would be justified in silencing mankind.”
看起来他同自由主义的鼻主洛克有一拼?
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Post by 溪山 on Sept 9, 2022 1:11:28 GMT -5
我對二人理論都略知皮毛而已。感覺洛克是從政治/宗教角度談自由,而密爾的自由更普世。當然,密爾肯定是受了洛克影響的。
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Post by Immanuel on Sept 15, 2022 21:41:30 GMT -5
John Stuart Mill - On Liberty - Part 2
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Post by 溪山 on Sept 17, 2022 12:50:20 GMT -5
陽光君讀得好!
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Post by Immanuel on Sept 22, 2022 0:16:42 GMT -5
陽光君讀得好! Thank u!!!
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Post by Immanuel on Oct 30, 2022 13:22:02 GMT -5
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Post by 溪山 on Oct 30, 2022 18:52:14 GMT -5
陽光君讀得好! 靜心做學問。 佩服!
世事紛雜,愈來愈覺自由之可貴。
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Post by Immanuel on Oct 31, 2022 0:22:34 GMT -5
陽光君讀得好! 靜心做學問。 佩服! 世事紛雜,愈來愈覺自由之可貴。 惭愧。越来越觉得自己所知有限。生也有涯,而书涯无限。Much learning could weary the soul or make the soul thin and lean, so true. 近来由于读到 Isaiah Berlin, 欲小究自由观念之源流与现实的功用。此书当在首列,不得不读。
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Post by 溪山 on Oct 31, 2022 23:38:58 GMT -5
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