|
Post by 溪山 on Jun 26, 2021 1:25:52 GMT -5
www.worldhistory.org/article/664/aesops-fables/Origins
The origins of the fables pre-date the Greeks. Sumerian proverbs, written some 1,500 years before Christ, share similar characteristics and structure as the later Greek fables. The Sumerian proverbs included an animal character and often contained some practical piece of advice for living (“You should not boast; then your words will be trusted”). The writing style of both the earlier proverbs and the later fables were simple and direct. Neither contains many words. The situations re-counted in the stories begin with some type of incident and conclude with a punch line which would transform into the oft-recognized moral of the tale. It is much later that writers would begin to include the moral either at the beginning of the story (designed to tell the reader the purpose of the tale upfront) or was added to the end (to instruct the reader what the story was supposed to teach). Ultimately, the fables are designed to highlight both desired and undesirable human behaviors: what to do or what not to do. The fables, written down in Greek between the 10th-16th centuries CE, may not be recorded in the exact words as when they were first told. Over time, and largely due to the numerous times the stories were re-told, words may have been changed or eliminated in order to fit the storyteller's purpose. Despite these changes, one characteristic that most of the fables share is the role of animals in the stories. The animals display human-like qualities, especially the characteristics of speech and behavior. In effect, the stories are designed to mimic human life. Most of the stories/fables are meant to highlight bad or poor human decisions and behaviors. In order to allow the animals to appear in multiple tales and roles, Aesop did not restrict the animals to behaving in a manner generally associated with that particular animal e.g. the cunning fox, the slow turtle. These looser characterizations allow for the animals to appear in other settings acting in different manners.
|
|
|
Post by 溪山 on Jun 26, 2021 1:31:34 GMT -5
There are 725 fables! en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perry_IndexThe Perry Index is a widely used index of "Aesop's Fables" or "Aesopica", the fables credited to Aesop, the storyteller who lived in ancient Greece between 620 and 560 BC. Modern scholarship takes the view that Aesop probably did not compose all of the fables attributed to him; indeed, a few are known to have first been used before Aesop lived, while the first record we have of many others is from well over a millennium after his time. Traditionally, Aesop's fables were arranged alphabetically, which is not helpful to the reader. B. E. Perry listed them by language (Greek then Latin), chronologically, by source, and then alphabetically; the Spanish scholar Francisco Rodríguez Adrados created a similar system. This system also does not help the casual reader, but is the best for scholarly purposes. Ben Edwin Perry (1892–1968) was a professor of classics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign from 1924 to 1960. He was author of Studies in the Text History of the Life and Fables of Aesop and many other books. His Aesopica ("A Series of Texts Relating to Aesop or Ascribed to Him or Closely Connected with the Literal Tradition that Bears His Name") has become the definitive edition of all fables reputed to be by Aesop, with fables arranged by earliest known source. His index of fables has been used as a reference system by later authors.
|
|
|
Post by 溪山 on Jun 26, 2021 1:59:10 GMT -5
1. The Eagle and The Fox fablesofaesop.com/the-eagle-and-the-fox.htmlAn Eagle and Fox befriended each other. The Eagle, hungry, brought a Fox kit to her young. The Fox was delighted when some hot meat burned the Eagle’s nest. God is the ultimate judge. Townsend version: An eagle and a Fox formed an intimate friendship and decided to live near each other. The Eagle built her nest in the branches of a tall tree, while the Fox crept into the underwood and there produced her young. Not long after they had agreed upon this plan, the Eagle, being in want of provision for her young ones, swooped down while the Fox was out, seized upon one of the little cubs, and feasted herself and her brood. The Fox on her return, discovered what had happened, but was less grieved for the death of her young than for her inability to avenge them. A just retribution, however, quickly fell upon the Eagle. While hovering near an altar, on which some villagers were sacrificing a goat, she suddenly seized a piece of the flesh, and carried it, along with a burning cinder, to her nest. A strong breeze soon fanned the spark into a flame, and the eaglets, as yet unfledged and helpless, were roasted in their nest and dropped down dead at the bottom of the tree. There, in the sight of the Eagle, the Fox gobbled them up. www.xmx8.com/yuyan/yisuo/904.html ---- 中文
|
|
|
Post by 特斯拉 on Jun 26, 2021 10:50:47 GMT -5
很有意思。不同版本有不同结局,我倾向的结局是鹰受到惩罚巢被烧了,而不是面临狐狸的威胁而改邪归正。
|
|
|
Post by 溪山 on Jun 26, 2021 20:28:21 GMT -5
|
|
|
Post by 边 草 on Jun 26, 2021 21:37:29 GMT -5
帮忙搬运?Sure! I'd like to start with this one: No man can belong to two parties at once
In the old days, a middle-aged Man had one wife that was old and one that was young; each loved him and desired to see him like herself. The Man’s hair was turning grey, which the young Wife did not like, as it made him look too old. So, every night she picked out the white hairs. But, the elder Wife did not like to be mistaken for his mother. So, every morning she picked out as many of the black hairs as she could. The Man soon found himself entirely bald.
|
|
|
Post by 边 草 on Jun 26, 2021 22:02:31 GMT -5
(60) Be careful what you wish forEliot/Jacobs Version An Old Man, bent double with age and toil, was gathering sticks in a forest. At last he grew so tired and hopeless that he threw down the bundle of sticks, and cried out: “I cannot bear this life any longer. Death come and take me!” As he spoke, Death appeared and said to him: “What do you want Old Man? I heard you call me.” “Please, sir,” replied the Old Man, “would you kindly help me lift this load of sticks on to my shoulder?”
|
|
|
Post by 溪山 on Jun 26, 2021 23:34:31 GMT -5
帮忙搬运?Sure! I'd like to start with this one: No man can belong to two parties at once
In the old days, a middle-aged Man had one wife that was old and one that was young; each loved him and desired to see him like herself. The Man’s hair was turning grey, which the young Wife did not like, as it made him look too old. So, every night she picked out the white hairs. But, the elder Wife did not like to be mistaken for his mother. So, every morning she picked out as many of the black hairs as she could. The Man soon found himself entirely bald. 脚踏两只船。
|
|
|
Post by 溪山 on Jun 26, 2021 23:35:09 GMT -5
(60) Be careful what you wish forEliot/Jacobs Version An Old Man, bent double with age and toil, was gathering sticks in a forest. At last he grew so tired and hopeless that he threw down the bundle of sticks, and cried out: “I cannot bear this life any longer. Death come and take me!” As he spoke, Death appeared and said to him: “What do you want Old Man? I heard you call me.” “Please, sir,” replied the Old Man, “would you kindly help me lift this load of sticks on to my shoulder?” 中文有叶公好龙。
|
|
|
Post by 溪山 on Jun 26, 2021 23:35:38 GMT -5
多谢边君!
|
|
听雨
Full Member
Posts: 221
|
Post by 听雨 on Jun 27, 2021 22:11:42 GMT -5
帮忙搬运?Sure! I'd like to start with this one: No man can belong to two parties at once
In the old days, a middle-aged Man had one wife that was old and one that was young; each loved him and desired to see him like herself. The Man’s hair was turning grey, which the young Wife did not like, as it made him look too old. So, every night she picked out the white hairs. But, the elder Wife did not like to be mistaken for his mother. So, every morning she picked out as many of the black hairs as she could. The Man soon found himself entirely bald. 摩门教丈夫一个脑袋不够用。
|
|
听雨
Full Member
Posts: 221
|
Post by 听雨 on Jun 27, 2021 22:15:38 GMT -5
(37) The Blind Man and The Whelp
A blind man was accustomed to distinguishing different animals by touching them with his hands. The whelp of a Wolf was brought him, with a request that he would feel it, and say what it was. He felt it, and being in doubt, said: “I do not quite know whether it is the cub of a Fox, or the whelp of a Wolf, but this I know full well. It would not be safe to admit him to the sheepfold.
Moral: Evil tendencies are shown in early life.
|
|
|
Post by 特斯拉 on Jun 28, 2021 21:05:26 GMT -5
牧羊人通过提供额外的优惠想让野羊成为他的部下,结果野羊以他不能“一视同仁”作为理由而拒绝了牧羊人的“好意”。
006:One cold stormy day a Goatherd drove his Goats for shelter into a cave, where a number of Wild Goats had also found their way. The Shepherd wanted to make the Wild Goats part of his flock; so he fed them well. But to his own flock, he gave only just enough food to keep them alive. When the weather cleared, and the Shepherd led the Goats out to feed, the Wild Goats scampered off to the hills. “Is that the thanks I get for feeding you and treating you so well?” complained the Shepherd. “Do not expect us to join your flock,” replied one of the Wild Goats. “We know how you would treat us later on, if some strangers should come as we did.”
|
|
|
Post by 溪山 on Jun 29, 2021 1:41:27 GMT -5
(37) The Blind Man and The Whelp A blind man was accustomed to distinguishing different animals by touching them with his hands. The whelp of a Wolf was brought him, with a request that he would feel it, and say what it was. He felt it, and being in doubt, said: “I do not quite know whether it is the cub of a Fox, or the whelp of a Wolf, but this I know full well. It would not be safe to admit him to the sheepfold. Moral: Evil tendencies are shown in early life. born evil. 三字经:人之初,性本善。 Are we born good or evil?
|
|
|
Post by 溪山 on Jun 29, 2021 1:52:10 GMT -5
牧羊人通过提供额外的优惠想让野羊成为他的部下,结果野羊以他不能“一视同仁”作为理由而拒绝了牧羊人的“好意”。 006:One cold stormy day a Goatherd drove his Goats for shelter into a cave, where a number of Wild Goats had also found their way. The Shepherd wanted to make the Wild Goats part of his flock; so he fed them well. But to his own flock, he gave only just enough food to keep them alive. When the weather cleared, and the Shepherd led the Goats out to feed, the Wild Goats scampered off to the hills. “Is that the thanks I get for feeding you and treating you so well?” complained the Shepherd. “Do not expect us to join your flock,” replied one of the Wild Goats. “We know how you would treat us later on, if some strangers should come as we did.” Moral: Old friends should not be sacrificed for new ones. It is unwise to treat old friends badly for the sake of new ones. (zt) 一旦得到,便不珍惜。 人性。
|
|
|
Post by 边 草 on Jun 30, 2021 20:17:33 GMT -5
True or not? 当你在一个人的权力之下时,你必须按照他的吩咐去做。
11, Eliot/Jacobs Version A Fisherman took his bagpipes to the river and played them hoping to catch fish with the melody. But, no fish responded. So, he cast his net into the river and soon drew it out filled with fish. When he again played, the fish in the net flopped in tune with the music. “You dance now when I play,” the Fisherman said. “Yes,” said an old Fish: “When you are in a man’s power you must do as he bids you.”
Moral
There are certain rules and methods for the doing of all things in this world; and therefore let every man stick to the bus’ness he understands, and was brought up to, without making one profession interfere with another.
|
|
|
Post by bobmaster on Jun 30, 2021 21:00:22 GMT -5
True or not? 当你在一个人的权力之下时,你必须按照他的吩咐去做。 11, Eliot/Jacobs Version A Fisherman took his bagpipes to the river and played them hoping to catch fish with the melody. But, no fish responded. So, he cast his net into the river and soon drew it out filled with fish. When he again played, the fish in the net flopped in tune with the music. “You dance now when I play,” the Fisherman said. “Yes,” said an old Fish: “When you are in a man’s power you must do as he bids you.” Moral There are certain rules and methods for the doing of all things in this world; and therefore let every man stick to the bus’ness he understands, and was brought up to, without making one profession interfere with another. 光看故事我没想到这个道理,边君一点,恍然大悟~
|
|
|
Post by 溪山 on Jul 1, 2021 0:00:32 GMT -5
" True or not? 当你在一个人的权力之下时,你必须按照他的吩咐去做。" -- True. There is simply no other option.
A "piper" idiom: He who pays the piper calls the tune. The person who pays for something has the right to decide how that thing operates or is organized. (zt) 谁出钱谁做主。有钱就是爷。
|
|
|
Post by 特斯拉 on Jul 1, 2021 15:58:14 GMT -5
This story is indeed hilarious to me: (004)A Nightingale(夜莺)once fell into the clutches of a hungry Hawk who had been all day on the look-out for food. “Pray let me go,” said the Nightingale, “I am such a mite for a stomach like yours. I sing so nicely too. Do let me go, it will do you good to hear me.” “Much good it will do to an empty belly,” replied the Hawk, “and besides, a little bird that I have is more to me than a great one that has yet to be caught.” What "moral" we are talking about here? "A bird caught is better than more uncaught"? “不积跬步,无以致千里” 不要“好高骛远” 不要“吃着碗里,看着锅里”?
|
|
|
Post by 特斯拉 on Jul 1, 2021 16:06:21 GMT -5
(37) The Blind Man and The Whelp born evil. 三字经:人之初,性本善。 Are we born good or evil? 我已经开始怀疑“人之初、性本善”了。
|
|
|
Post by 边 草 on Jul 2, 2021 21:49:37 GMT -5
Moral Like will draw like.
29, Like people will work better together. A charcoal-burner carried on his trade in his own house. One day he met a friend, a Fuller, and entreated him to come and live with him, saying that they should be far better neighbors and that their housekeeping expenses would be lessened. The Fuller replied, “The arrangement is impossible as far as I am concerned, for whatever I should whiten, you would immediately blacken again with your charcoal.”
note: fuller, is a worker who cleanses wool through the process of fulling.
|
|
|
Post by 溪山 on Jul 3, 2021 17:01:29 GMT -5
Moral Like will draw like.
29, Like people will work better together. A charcoal-burner carried on his trade in his own house. One day he met a friend, a Fuller, and entreated him to come and live with him, saying that they should be far better neighbors and that their housekeeping expenses would be lessened. The Fuller replied, “The arrangement is impossible as far as I am concerned, for whatever I should whiten, you would immediately blacken again with your charcoal.” note: fuller, is a worker who cleanses wool through the process of fulling. Like will draw like. ---- 同类相求。 Birds of a feather flock together. oil and water or like oil and water. 水火不容 He'd known from the start that Nick and Adam would never mix. They were like oil and water. (zt)
|
|
|
Post by 溪山 on Jul 3, 2021 17:04:37 GMT -5
This story is indeed hilarious to me: (004)A Nightingale(夜莺)once fell into the clutches of a hungry Hawk who had been all day on the look-out for food. “Pray let me go,” said the Nightingale, “I am such a mite for a stomach like yours. I sing so nicely too. Do let me go, it will do you good to hear me.” “Much good it will do to an empty belly,” replied the Hawk, “and besides, a little bird that I have is more to me than a great one that has yet to be caught.” What "moral" we are talking about here? "A bird caught is better than more uncaught"? “不积跬步,无以致千里” 不要“好高骛远” 不要“吃着碗里,看着锅里”? Yes. Be content with what you have. "A bird caught is better than more uncaught" --- A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. “双鸟在林不如一鸟在手”。
|
|
|
Post by 李斯 on Jul 3, 2021 21:53:52 GMT -5
我也来添一把柴火:
33 A Traveler, on returning, boasted of the many and heroic deeds he had performed. Among those he boasted that when in Rhodes he had leaped further than anyone else found possible and that he could call upon many in Rhodes who could stand as a witness. “There is no need of witnesses,” said a bystander, “simply pretend this is Rhodes and leap for us.”
对啊,找什么证人,你实际表演一把不就行了?这同“矛盾”有一拼。集市有人举起他右手的矛说,它能够刺穿世间所有的盾。话刚说完他马上举起左手的盾说,这盾能够抵挡所有的矛。看客就问了,用你的矛刺那个盾结果会这样? ::d
Moral:Deeds count, not boasting words.
|
|
|
Post by 李斯 on Jul 3, 2021 21:56:13 GMT -5
快速扫了一遍,感觉在《伊索寓言》里狐狸出场的机会特别多。不知道是否这样?
|
|
|
Post by 溪山 on Jul 4, 2021 0:10:24 GMT -5
“感觉在《伊索寓言》里狐狸出场的机会特别多” --- yes. "Moral:Deeds count, not boasting words. " --- Action speaks louder than words. 是骡子是马拉出来遛遛。
|
|
|
Post by 边 草 on Jul 6, 2021 11:57:44 GMT -5
什么是Satyr啊?
根据维基:萨堤尔即羊男,一般被视为是希腊神话里的潘与狄俄倪索斯的复合体的精灵。萨堤尔拥有人类的身体,同时亦有部分山羊的特征,例如山羊的尾巴、耳朵等。他们是酒神狄俄倪索斯的随从。他们主要以懒惰、贪婪、淫荡、狂欢饮酒而闻名。传说是赫耳墨斯和伊佛提玛之子,另说是赫耳墨斯和那伊得斯之子。在早期的古典艺术造型中,他们是半人半羊的神,他们长著山羊的耳朵,头上生有短小的羊角,脚和腿都是山羊的形状,拖着山羊或马一样的尾巴,浑身都是毛。随着时间的推移,萨提洛斯身上的兽类特征才逐渐减少以至消失。
|
|
|
Post by 边 草 on Jul 6, 2021 12:05:07 GMT -5
35 Townsend version A man and a Satyr once drank together in token of a bond of alliance being formed between them. One very cold wintry day, as they talked, the Man put his fingers to his mouth and blew on them. When the Satyr asked the reason for this, he told him that he did it to warm his hands because they were so cold. Later on in the day they sat down to eat, and the food prepared was quite scalding. The Man raised one of the dishes a little towards his mouth and blew in it. When the Satyr again inquired the reason, he said that he did it to cool the meat, which was too hot. “I can no longer consider you as a friend,” said the Satyr, “a fellow who with the same breath blows hot and cold.” Well, it has everything to do with the velocity. 从嘴里“吹”出来的是冷风,而“呵”出来的是暖气。呵呵。
|
|
|
Post by 溪山 on Jul 7, 2021 0:05:32 GMT -5
On the one hand,man is superior to satyr. On the other hand, man is tricky and deceptive. “The popular idiom 'to blow hot and cold' is read as a warning against duplicity.” (zt) 翻手为云覆手为雨 Claude Debussy - Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun (“The Romans identified satyrs with their native nature spirits, fauns”)
|
|
|
Post by 李斯 on Jul 11, 2021 15:41:59 GMT -5
《伊索寓言》充满人生、处世的哲理,应该在小学、中学里就普及和推广。等到中年,木已成舟,人生的路已经走得差不多了,......
Destroy the seed of evil, or it will grow up to your ruin. A Farmer, sowing his fields with flax, was observed by a Swallow, who, like the rest of her tribe, had travelled a good deal, and was very clever. Among other things, she knew that of this same flax, when it grew up, nets and snares would be made, to entrap her little friends, the Birds of the country. Hence, she earnestly besought them to help her in picking up and eating the hateful seed, before it had time to spring from the ground. Food of a much nicer kind was, however, then so plentiful, and it was so pleasant to fly about and sing, thinking of nothing, that they paid no attention to her entreaties. By and by the blades of the flax appeared above the ground, and the anxiety of the Swallow was renewed. “It is not yet too late,” said she; “pull it all up, blade by blade, and you may then escape the fate which is otherwise in store for you. You cannot, like me, fly to other countries when danger threatens you here.” The little Birds, however, still took no notice of the Swallow, except to consider her a very troublesome person,” whom silly fears had set beside herself. In the course of time the flax grew, ripened, and was gathered, spun, and made up into nets, as the Swallow had foretold. Many a little Bird thought, in dying, of the Swallow they held to be so crazy. The Swallow, in despair at their thoughtless behaviour, has since preferred the society of men to that of her former companions.
|
|